Stone Carver/Stone Cutter – Methods, Transportation, &
Tools Used Working with Stone

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Tools & Equipment

(Also see: the “Quarry and Workship Equipment” & “Tools & Equipment Used in the Stone Shops & Mills (saws, hand tools, etc.)” sections of our web site.)

• “Artistry of the Early American Stonemason,” January 22, 2015, presented by Old Stone Houses. 

• “Barre in The ‘Nineties,” (Barre, Vermont) by William Barclay, son of the first William Barclay, founder of the pioneer firm of Barclay Brothers, in Monumental News Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 12, December, 1939, pp. 548-550. (Includes information on the progressive use of new tools and equipment in the granite quarry industry from 1899 up through 1939.)
• Brunner & Lay - Brunner & Lay: Manufacturers of Marble, Stone, Granite and Bricklayers’ Tools, Stone Jacks, Derricks, and Contractors' Supplies (Catalog). Chicago, Illinois. (You can also use this Brunner and Lay Tool Catalog PDF link to view the booklet in PDF format.)
• Design Hints for Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, St. Cloud, Minnesota, Dan B. Haslam, Editor and Publisher.  (Some issues for 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, and 1932)

• Early American Industries Association, Inc. (The Early American Industries Association, Inc., was founded in 1933. “The purpose of the Early American Industries Association, Inc. is to encourage the study and better understanding of early American industries in the home, in the shop, on the farm, and on the sea, also to discover, identify, classify, preserve and exhibit obsolete tools, implements, and mechanical devices which were used in early America.”)
• “The Granite Quarries of the New England Coast,” by S. G. W. Benjamin, in Harper’s Weekly, January 10, 1891, Vol. XXXV, No. 1777, pp. 29-31.  (Tools and equipment used in Maine and Massachusetts coastline granite quarries circa 1891)

  “An East Shore Granite Quarry” ca. 1891

• Hammers - the Hammer Museum in Haines, Alaska. (Includes a virtual tour of the museum hammers.)
• Hand Tools For Marble and Other Soft Stone (This section discusses the bush hammer, chipper, pitching tool, plug and feathers, point, and slab splitter.)
• Hand Drilling Stone, presented on the Early Stone Cutters in Western Missouri web site.
  • Machine Drilling
  • Pneumatic Hammer
  • Toothed Chisels
  • The Dallett Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Carving Tools)
  • The George Vogel & Co. Tools, Missouri.
  • Marble – Stone Carving – Tools of the Trade, by Walter S. Arnold, Sculptor/Stone Carver, Chicago, Illinois.
• “Lettering Cutting with the Pneumatic Tool” – Images from the “Lettering Cutting with the Pneumatic Tool” section from The Manual of Monumental Lettering, published by Monumental News, early 1900s, pp. 5-35.

Fig. 7.  How to hold chisel to clean a round sunken letter	Fig. 32.  Roughing out a straight bar for marble sunken letter	Fig. 11.  Arrows show direction to cut, proceed away from cut corner & Fig. 12.  Cutting inside of a letter square down with a narrow chisel

• “Marble in America, Part 1:  The Industry,” by Eva Schwartz, in “Focal Points” on the Barbara Israel Garden Antiques web site.  Part 2,  “Marble in America: Part II, Marketing & Perception.  Companies mentioned in the article include:  Vermont Marble Company; Sutherland Falls Marble Company, Proctor, Vermont; and Producers Marble Company – all of Proctor, Vermont; and Colorado Yule Marble Quarry, Marble, Colorado.
• Marble Workers’ Tools from The Marble-Workers’ Manual: Designed for the Use of Marble-Workers, Builders, and Owners of Houses (With an Appendix Concerning American Marbles), by M. L. Booth (Translated from the French), 1856. (Scroll down to the Table of Contents and click on the “Atelier of the Marble Worker” section. Each tool description entry includes a link that takes you to the table that displays the tools.)
• Marble-working Tools as demonstrated via French Trade Cards  (circa 1903)  (The following trade cards were published about 1903.  The translations are not fully correct, so if you see errors in translation, please let me know.  Peggy B. Perazzo)
  • French Marble-working Trade Card – loosely translated (below): The marble, called in Greek brilliant stone, is likely to receive a high polish and is used especially in the Arts and Architecture year. It is found mainly in Greece and Italy, particularly in Carrara, Genoa, Florence, but in France also operates one of the marbles in several departments. The Algeria provides marble onyx.

    The Stone and Its Use - Marble	(Back of trade card to the left)

  • French Marble-working Trade Card:

    The Treasures of the earth. Marble quarries white Carrara (Italy) - Sculpture	(Back of trade card to the left)

• Marble Works & Tools – Arrigo Fantozzi, Marble and Granite Works, Jackson, Amador County, California, presented on the Amador Gold.net web site. This site includes history and photographs of the marble works building and tools of the trade as the marble works was when it closed. (Arrigo Fantozzi died on June 2, 1972.)
• Material, Tools, and Process: Essential Design Elements, presented by Don Dougan, Sculptor.
  • Traditional Processes (Interesting sections relating to tools on this web site include the following sections.) (You can use the buttons at the bottom of each page on the web site to navigate through the tools section of the web site.)
    • Boring Tools (Scroll down)
    • Splitting and Cutting Tools
    • Carving Tools: Mallet and Chisel
    • Carving Tools: Hammer and Chisel
    • Hand Carving Chisels: The Point
    • Hand Carving Chisels: The Tooth Chisel or Claw
    • Hand Carving Chisels - Chisels with Sharp Edges
    • Surfacing Tools
    • Rasps, Files, and Rifflers
    • Abrasives, Sandpaper
    • Power Tool Abrasives
    • Pneumatic Hammers
    • Special Purpose Tools
• “Memorializing the Civil War Dead:  Modernity and Corruption under the Grant Administration,” by Bruce S. Elliott, in Markers XXVI, Association for Gravestone Studies, 2011, pp. 15-55.  (Reprinted with permission of the Association for Gravestone Studies) 

  This article describes the need to mass produce the Civil War headstones rather than by individual stone carvers. Contracts for the headstones and bases were given out to several different quarries and companies in Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Kansas, and Tennessee. The need for large numbers of markers also increased the use of the sandblasting process to speed up carving the names on the stones. Both mass production the sandblasting process caused great changes in the work of the stone carvers, which led to demands by the stone workers’ unions, such as the eight-hour work day.)

• Museum of Early Trades & Crafts, Madison, New Jersey. (“The mission of the Museum of Early Trades & Crafts is to enhance the understanding and appreciation of America’s past by presenting and interpreting the history, culture and lives of ordinary people through educational programs, through preservation and stewardship of our collection, and through exhibition and demonstration of the trades and crafts practiced in New Jersey from its earliest settlement.”)
  • Museum of Early Trades and Crafts (description), presented on the New Jersey’s Great Northwest Skylands web site.
• A Pattern Book of Tools and Household Goods, probably by W. & C. Wynn of Birmingham, from Early American Industries Association Inc., originally published circa 1820. (“A full size reproduction of an early nineteenth-century pattern book...probably issued by W. & C. Wynn of Birmingham about 1820.”)
• Recipes for Stone Cutters - From Early Stone Cutters in Western Missouri, A  Research Study From Jones-Seelinger-Johannes Foundation, 2005, Poplar Heights Farm, 103 West Walnut  Street, Butler,   Missouri. (Brian Phillips - Executive Director, Terrie Jessup - Program Director, Patricia Jacobs - Research Assistant, Betty Newton - Research Assistant, Photography - Brian Phillips, Terrie Jessup, Melissa Phillips)
• Stone Cutters’ Tools (From Early Stone Cutters in Western Missouri, A  Research Study From Jones-Seelinger-Johannes Foundation, 2005, Poplar Heights Farm, 103 West Walnut  Street, Butler,  Missouri. Brian Phillips - Executive Director, Terrie Jessup - Program Director, Patricia Jacobs - Research Assistant, Betty Newton - Research Assistant, Photography - Brian Phillips, Terrie Jessup, Melissa Phillips)
• Practical Advice to Marble and Granite Workers in 1900 & Shop Necessities
• Sculptor’s Cross – “Sculptors Change the Scale of Their Statues,” Scientific American, December 16, 1899, pp. 395.

  Method of Using the “Sculptor’s Cross” in Reproducing Statuary

• Stone Carving: Tools & Techniques of an Ancient Art, presented on Walter Arnold’s web site.
• Stonecutting History - Freemasonry: History of Stonecutting, by Wor. Bro. Dennis Stocks, Barron Barnett Lodge.
• The Toolemera Press & the Toolemera Blog, featuring the books, trade catalogs, photographs and ephemera of early tools, trades, crafts and industries.
• “Tools and Machinery of the Granite Industry,” by Paul Wood, in The Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc.
  • Part I. Vol. 59, No. 2, June 2006. (“Introduction: This article, the first in a series of four on granite working, deals with granite as a material, an industry, and a product and begins the description of the granite quarrying process.”)
  • Part II. Vol. 59, No. 3, September 2006. (“Introduction: This article, the second in a series of four on granite working, completes the description of the quarrying process....”)
  • Part III. Vol. 59, No. 4, December 2006. (“Granite Finishing: A small number of basic finished dimension stones made up the great majority of granite shed production. For gravestones and private....”)
  • Part IV. Vol. 60, No. 1, March 2007. (“This article is the last in a series of four on the tools and machinery of granite working....”)
• Tools and Stones, by Welton Rotz of Sausalito, California.
• Tools of the Trade, presented on the Stone Cutters Online web site. (The “Tools of the Trade” section is available in the “Gallery” section of the web site.)
• Tools Used in Stone-Cutting (February 1885) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17, Issue 2, February 1885, pg. 38. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
• Tools & Equipment used in the Stone Industries in the United States & Foreign Countries up through 1939 in The Stone Industries: Dimension Stone, Crushed Stone, Geology, Technology, Distribution, Utilization, by Oliver Bowles (Supervising Engineer, Building Materials Section, United States Bureau of Mines), New York: 2nd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1939.  (You can view a copy of this book on Internet Archive web site, and you can download a copy of the book to your computer at the link above.)

  
  This book fully covers the United States stone quarry industry up through 1939.  There is also a chapter on “Foreign Building and Ornamental Stones.”   Below is a listing of the information covered in the chapters.  (Many photographs of quarries, etc., are included in this book.)

  Part I.  General Features of the Stone Industries

  Chapter I.  Extent and Subdivision.  Extent of the Industry – Major Divisions of the Industry – Varieties of Stone Used

  Chapter II.  Minerals and Rocks.  Distinction between Rock and Stone – Relationship of Rocks to Minerals – Rock-forming Minerals – Classification of Rocks – General Distribution of Rocks in the United States.

  Chapter III.  Factors Governing Rock Utilization.  Rock Qualities on Which Use Depends – Importance of Other factors than Quality – Available Markets;  Diversification of Products  Transportation Facilities – Production Code

  Chapter IV.  Prospecting and Developing.  Prospecting – Stripping – General Methods of Operation – Bibliography

  Part II.  Dimension Stone

  Chapter V.  General Features of Dimension-Stone Industries.  Definition of Dimension Stone –   Principal Uses  Requisite Qualities of Dimension Stone –  Adaptations of Raw Materials to Use –  Complexities in Marketing –  Royalties

  Chapter VI.  Limestone.  Definition –  Origin – Physical Properties – Varieties – Qualities on Which Use Depends – Uses – Industry by States – Occurrences of Travertine – Quarry Methods –  Milling Methods – Limestone Products – Cost of Quarrying and Manufacture – Waste in Quarrying and Manufacture – Utilization of Waste – Limestone Marketing – Bibliography

  Chapter VII.  Sandstone.  Varieties – Composition – Size and Shape of Grains – Cementation – Color – Porosity – Uses – Production – Industry by States – Quarry Methods – Quarry Processes – Yard Service – Sandstone Sawmills and Finishing Plants – The Bluestone Industry – Waste in Sandstone Quarrying and Manufacture – Bibliography

  Chapter VIII.  Granite.  General Character – Mineral Composition – Chemical Composition – Physical Properties Varieties – Related Rocks – Structural Features – Uses – Distribution of deposits – Industry by States – Quarry Methods and Equipment – Milling Methods and Equipment – Market Range – Imports, Exports, and Tariffs – Prices – Bibliography

  Chapter IX.  Marble.  History – Definition – Composition – Origin and Varieties – Physical Properties – Jointing or Unsoundness – Chief Impurities of Marble – Uses – Distribution of Deposits – Production – Industry by States – Quarry Methods and Equipment – Transportation; Equipment and Operation in Mills and Shops – Waste in Quarrying and Manufacture – Marketing Marble – Imports and Exports – Tariff – Prices – Bibliography

  Chapter X.  Slate.  Definition – Origin – Mineralogical Composition – Chemical Composition – Physical Properties – Structural Features – Imperfections – Uses – History of Industry – General Distribution – Production – Industry by States – General Plan of Quarrying – Quarry Operations – Quarry Methods – Yard Transportation – Manufacture of Roofing Slate – Storage of Roofing Slate – The Art of Roofing with Slate – Manufacture of School slates – Manufacture of Mill Stock – Slate Floors – Walks, and Walls – Crushed and Pulverized Slate Products – Waste in Quarrying and Manufacturing – Tests and Specifications – Marketing – Imports and Exports – Tariff – Prices – Bibliography

  Chapter XI.  Soapstone.  Composition and Properties – History – Uses – Origin and Occurrence – Quarry Methods – Milling Processes – Marketing – Rocks Related to Soapstone – Bibliography

  Chapter XII.  Boulders as Building Materials.  Origin and Nature of Boulders – Stone Fences – The Use of Boulders in Buildings

  Chapter XIII.  Foreign Building and Ornamental Stones.  Scope of Discussion – Imports of Stone – Foreign Limestones – Foreign Sandstones – Foreign Granites – Foreign Marbles – Foreign Slates – Bibliography

  Chapter XIV.  Miscellaneous Rocks and Minerals Used for Building and Ornamental Purposes.  Agalmatolite – Alabaster – Amazonite – Catlinite – Clay – Diatomite – Tripoli and Pumice – Fluorite – Jade – Labradorite – Lapis-lazuli – Malachite and Azurite – Meerschaum – Mica Schist – Porphyry – Quartz; Snow and Ice – Sodalite – Bibliography

  Chapter XV.  Deterioration, Preservation, and Cleaning of Stonework.  Deterioration of Stone – Preservation of Stone – Cleaning Stone – Bibliography

  Part III.  Crushed and Broken Stone

  Chapter XVI.  General Features of the Crushed-Stone Industries.  History – Types and Values of Stone Used – Crushed Stone and Dimension Stone Contrasted – Uses of Crushed Stone – Competition – Markets – Transportation – Prices – Royalties – Capital Required

  Chapter XVII.  Crushed and Broken Limestone.  Types of Stone Included – Extent of Industry – Uses of Crushed and Broken Limestone – Uses for Which Physical Properties are Most Important – Uses for Which Chemical Properties are Most Important – Uses of Dolomite and High-magnesian Limestone – Industry by States – Quarry Methods and Equipment; Bibliography

  Chapter XVIII.  Crushed and Broken Stone Other Than Limestone.  General Features – Uses – General Distribution and Value – Industries by States – Quarry Method and Equipment – Marketing – Bibliography

• Turning a Stone Column (photo ca 1920s)  The contributor of this photograph believes this was probably taken in Indiana in the 1920s.

  Turning a stone column in Indiana circa 1920s

• Unforbidden Geology: The not so hidden history of Man from the often overlooked geologic perspective, presented by Archae Solenhofen. (Below are just two of the topics covered on this web site.)
  • Ancient Egyptian Stoneworking Tools and Methods

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Transportation

• Enderby and Stoney Granite Company Steam Cart, Leicestershire, UK  (photograph, circa 1903)

Enderby and Stoney Granite Company Steam Cart, Leicestershire, UK  (photograph, circa 1903)

• The Old Granite Company, Ltd., Steam Lorry, Enderby, Leicestershire, England, UK (1904 photograph)

  According to Andreas Kuehnpast, Vermont granite quarry researcher in Germany: “Steam lorries were mostly used in England. They could use domestic coal and thus did not require expensive imported oil for fuel. They had a robust construction because of the heavy boiler they carried. Thus they were strong enough to carry heavy loads, like granite blocks. Increasing capacities of standard trucks after WW 1 hit them hard. They totally lost their market in the early 1930s when their high weight and operating costs and taxing changes (less tax for imported oil and higher taxes for high-weight trucks) made them uneconomical to operate.
  
  “They remain fascinating machines and must be wonderful to observe (and hear!) in operation, as seen here:”

The Old Granite Company, Ltd., Steam Lorry, Enderby, Leicestershire, England (1904 photograph)

• “The Granite Quarries of the New England Coast,” by S. G. W. Benjamin, in Harper’s Weekly, January 10, 1891, Vol. XXXV, No. 1777, pp. 29-31.  (Modes of transportation used in the Maine and Massachusetts coastline granite quarries circa 1891)

  “An East Shore Granite Quarry” ca. 1891

• “Motor Truck in the Monument Business: What Retail Monument Dealers Think of the Efficiency of Motor Transportation for Memorial Work,” article in Granite Marble & Bronze, Vol. XXXI, No. 1, January 1921, pp32-33d.

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Methods and Miscellaneous:

• “Artistry of the Early American Stonemason,” January 22, 2015, presented by Old Stone Houses. 

• Building a Stone Fortress, by Lise Hull who owns and operates Castles of Britain, an information and research web site providing a wide range of information on the castles of Britain.
• Carving Limestone, Marble and Pixels, by Walter S. Arnold, Sculptor/Stone Carver, Chicago, Illinois.
• The Cathedral Builders: A stonemason's photograph album, presented by Martin and Oliver Webb on their Martin and Oliver Webb Fine Stone Miniatures web site.
• How Granite Columns are Polished (March 1884) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 16, Issue 3, March 1884, pgs. 59-60. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
• How Granite is Polished (Granite Pillars) (May 1878) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 10, Issue 5, May 1878, pgs. 102-103. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)

• “Making a Marble Statue,” in “Stone,” July 1917.

• Sculptor’s Cross – “Sculptors Change the Scale of Their Statues,” Scientific American, December 16, 1899, pp. 395.

  Method of Using the “Sculptor’s Cross” in Reproducing Statuary

• A Stonemason's Dictionary: A pocket dictionary of masonry terms, names, and expressions, presented by Martin and Oliver Webb on their Martin and Oliver Webb Fine Stone Miniatures web site.

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Articles/Books Relating to Techniques, Designs, & Emblems Used by Stone Carvers

• “The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 10, April 1927, pp. 12-13, 24.
• The “Decoration, Carving, and Inscriptions,” (Images from) section of The Manual of Monumental Lettering, published by Monumental News, early 1900s.

  “Knights Templar Emblems” & “Consistory 32nd Degree Emblems,” from The Manual of Monumental Lettering, early 1900s	“Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Rebekah Degree, Masonic and I.O.O.F., Knights of Pythias, et al.” from The Manual of Monumental Lettering, early 1900s	Ivy patterns/forms, from The Manual of Monumental Lettering, early 1900s

• “The Decoration of Mouldings,” by Franklin L. Naylor, in The Monumental News (Part 1.  Vol. XVII, No. 6, June 1905, pp. 416-417; Part 2.  Vol. XVII, No. 7, July 1905, pp. 478-479)

Moulding designs from Part 1 of “The Decoration of Mouldings”	Moulding designs from Part 2 of “The Decoration of Mouldings”

• “Designs for Monograms,” by R. Fischinger, New York, in The Monumental News, Vol. XVII, No. 8, August 1905, pp. 549, 583.

  “Designs for Monograms,” by R. Fischinger, New York, in The Monumental News, Vol. XVII, No. 8, August 1905, pp. 549.	“Designs for Monograms,” by R. Fischinger, New York, in The Monumental News, Vol. XVII, No. 8, August 1905, pp. 583.

• “Developing and Selling a Special Design” (the Wilbur F. Young, Esq., Monument), by Robert L. Cook, from The Monumental News, Vol. XXXI, No. 9, September 1919, pp 616-618.
• “Diagonals And Rectangles,” by John Cargill, Designer, Charles G. Blake & Co., Chicago, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 3, September 1929, pp. 8-10. (Celtic crosses)
• “Emblems For Memorials: 3rd Degree Master Mason,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 7, January 1927, pp. 12-13, 25.
• “Emblems For Memorials: Modern Knights Templar Emblem,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 8, February 1927, pp. 24-26.
• “Emblems For Memorials,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 2, August 1927, pp. 12-13, 15.
• “Emblems For Memorials: the American Legion,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, October 1926, pp. 21-22.
• “Emblems For Memorials: Veterans of Foreign Wars U.S.,” in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 6, December 1926, pp. 12-13, 22.
• Emblems of the American Army Navy, and Marine Corps, in Symbols of Service Monumental Catalog & Price List, Vermont Marble Co., Proctor, Vermont, 1919.

• “Greek Proportion,” by John Cargill, Designer with Chas. G. Blake & Co., Chicago, Illinois, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 5, November 1928, pp. 14-16.
• “Hints on Making Scale Models of Monuments,” by Leonard V. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 1930, pp.14,16.
• “Historic Ornament: Something About Curves,” by Glanville Smith, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 7, January 1926, pp. 18-20, 22-23, 26. (parabola, ellipse, hypocycloid, Witch of Agnesi, limaçon, spiral, and entasis)
• “Historic Ornament and Modern Design,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 10, April 1929, pp. 10-12, 24. (Egyptian)
• “The Jewish Alphabet,” After Rendering by Al. Konetzni, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1926, pp. 18-19.
• “Lettering,” – “Workshop Hints,” in The Monumental News, April, 1895, pp. 258.
• “Mausoleum Construction,” by George Brooks, Designer for the Melrose Granite Co., in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 10, April 1928, pp. 12-13, 26-27.
• “Memorial Types,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 8, February 1930, pp. 14-15, 26. (Memorial types listed include: Tablet, Panel, Stele, Sarcophagus, Cottage, Ledger, Monolith, Exedra, Screen, Obelisk, Garden, Cross, Architectural, Sculptured, Sepulcher, Mausoleum, Fountain, and Cenotaph.)
  • “Memorial Types: The Cottage,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 1930, pp. 10-11, 30.
  • “Memorial Types: The Ledger,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 3, August 1930, pp. 12-13, 34.
  • “Memorial Types: The Monolith,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 3, September 1930, pp. 12-13, 30.
  • “Memorial Types: The Panel,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 10, April 1930, pp. 14-15, 26.
  • “Memorial Types: The Sarcophagus,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 3, June 1930, pp. 12-14.
  • “Memorial Types: The Stele,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 11, May 1930, pp. 12-13.
  • “Memorial Types: The Tablet,” by Captain John K. Shawvan, Chicago Branch Manager, Muldoon Monument Company, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 9, March 1930, pp. 14-15.
• “Monumental Design: The Language of The Flowers,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 1, July 1927, pp. 10-11, 16, 27. (includes sketches of: lily of the valley, wild rose, blue bell, Easter lily, star of Bethlehem, passion flower, violets, poppy, daffodil, and daisy)
• “Monumental Design: The Language of The Flowers,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 2, August 1927, pp. 10-11, 23-24. (includes sketches of: tulip, honeysuckle, primrose, oak, ivy, wood sorrel, roses, pansy, lotus, and crocus)
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: Wash Drawing,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 7, January 1926, pp. 10-13.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Daffodil in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 1, July 1926, pp. 10-11, 23.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Daisy in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 3, September 1926, pp. 10-12.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Lily in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4, October 1926, pp. 10-12.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Oak and Ivy in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 12, June 1926, pp. 10-12.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Poinsettia in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 6, December 1926, pp. 10-11, 20.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Poppy in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 11, May 1926, pp. 10-12.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Primrose in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 9, March 1927, pp. 10-13.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: The Rose in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 5, November 1926, pp. 10-12.
• “Monumental Drawing and Design: The Wood Sorrel in Applied Ornament,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 10, April 1927, pp. 10-11, 21.
• “Monumental Drawing and Lettering: A Review on Perspective,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 7, January 1927, pp. 10-11, 18-21.
• “Monumental Drawing & Lettering: A Simple and Quick method of making Large Drawings from Small Photos,” by Dan B. Haslam, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 9, March 1926, pp. 10-11, 20-21.
• “Monumental Shades and Shadow,” by Jerome Aske, (Article II.), in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 2, No. 9, March 1926, pp. 12-13, 21.
• “Musical Angles,” by John Cargill, Designer with Chas. G. Blake & Co., Chicago, Illinois, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 5, No. 7, January 1929, pp. 10-13. (The old cross on the Island of Canna & the old cross near Dupplin Castle, Scotland)
• The New Orleans Tomb Styles – Articles from Design Hints for Memorial Craftsmen 1929/1930
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part I,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 4, October 1929, pp. 14-16, 28. (the “foundation work”)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part II,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 5, November 1929, pp. 12-14. (the “granite work”)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part III,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 6, December 1929, pp. 12-14. (a large family vault)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part IV,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 7, January 1930, pp. 12-14. (a marble tomb)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part V,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 8, February 1930, pp. 12-13.
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part VI,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 9, March 1930, pp. 12-13. (“designed along Georgian lines”)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part VI,”* by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 10, April 1930, pp. 12-13. (two-family house / tomb) (Note: There “Part VII” of this series was listed in both the March 1930 and April 1930 issues.)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part VII,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 11, May 1930, pp. 10-11. (ventilation)
  • “The New Orleans Tomb, Part IX,” by Leonard V. and Albert R. Huber, in Design Hints For Memorial Craftsmen Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 12, June 1930, pp. 10-11.
  • Romanesque Carving Details (images of), in The Monumental News, Vol. 7, No. 7, July 1895, pp. 443.

  “Romanesque Carving Details,” in The Monumental News, July 1895

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Stone Carver Patterns & Designs

• Page of Emblems from Lasting Memorials of Artistic Beauty, Design Book No. 108, Universal Monument Company, Atlanta, Georgia, 1920’s.  (Note, this pdf document is very large.)

  Page of Emblems from Lasting Memorials of Artistic Beauty, Design Book No. 108, 1920s (Included are: Woodmen of the World and others.)

• “Suggestion for Carving,” by Herbert W. Beattie, Quincy, Massachusetts, from The Monumental News, Vol. XVIII, No. 3, March 1906, pp. 223.

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