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Excerpts from

“The Clay, Stone, Lime and Sand Industries of St. Louis City and County”*

By G. E. Ladd, Assistant Geologist

In Geological Survey of Missouri, Bulletin No. 3, Supplement

December 1890.

The Stone Industry.

General Remarks.

“The geological formations of St. Louis City and county furnish to the industries handling stone, limestone, sandstone and a low grade of marble.

Uses of limestone.

“Limestone: - The limestones have been largely quarried for common purposes, the most general use being for foundations, paving and macadam.  Less extensively, they have been quarried and dressed for a variety of dimension work.  They are also used largely for the production of lime.*

(* Page 38 footnote:  Some of the beds of the St. Louis Limestone have been successfully used for lithographic work.  No bed however is uniformly of the requisite quality, and the cost of selection of available material would seem to preclude the development of an industry for the production of lithographic stone.)

“Sandstone: - The sandstones are used for foundations to a small extent, and have been quarried for dimension stone, but they are not durable.

The Coal Measure Stone.

Character of the stone.

“In the Coal Measures, limestones occur which answer for common uses, and the micaceous sandstone, which is supposed to constitute the superior part of the lower measures, furnishes a rather poor building material.

The Lower Carboniferous Stone.

Character of the stone.

“The Lower Carboniferous rocks furnish a sandstone (the Ferruginous Sandstone of the general section), which is scarcely better than the micaceous sandstone.  Immediately below this Ferruginous Sandstone, however, come the important beds of the St. Louis Limestone, description sections of which are given in the notes on stone quarries beginning on page 42.

Uses.

“This formation is quarried most extensively for foundation material and macadam.  Many of its beds are particularly well adapted for the production of the latter.  The lower beds will furnish very large blocks of handsome and durable dimension stone, and it seems probable that in the near future there will be a considerable industry producing such material.

“The Keokuk Limestone of the general section has workable beds of a semi-crystalline fossiliferous stone which is handsome, takes a fair polish, and is probably durable.  Large blocks are obtainable from these beds.

The Lower Silurian Stone.

Defects of Trenton stone.

“From the Keokuk to the Trenton formation no economically important stone occurs.  In the Trenton are some thick beds of semi-crystalline, highly fossiliferous limestone, which will furnish an excellent dimension stone.  Many of the Trenton beds which appear to be serviceable, are, however, unfit for use in building, owing to a structural peculiarity by reason of which the stone suffers rapidly under the influence of weather.  On exposure it becomes thoroughly honey-combed and, in this condition, it is frequently used for ornamental purposes about lawns and gardens.

First Magnesian Limestone.

“From beneath the Trenton Limestone, in the western part of the county, the First Magnesian Limestone crops out and exposes some heavy beds of beautifully colored stone.  The more crystalline of these will furnish a good dimension stone, but the greater part of the beds exposed seem prone to a rapid submission to the action of the weather.

Saccharoidal Sandstone.

“Beneath the First Magnesian Limestone there are occasionally exposed, in the extreme western part of the county, beds of the Saccharoidal Sandstone which are capable of furnishing, as they do at Pacific and Crystal City, the highest grade of sand for glassmaking.

“The following table shows the geological distribution of the different quarries.  Each individual opening known to have been worked in 1889 is included and the quarries are assigned to formations according to Shumard’s classification.

Table Showing the Geological Distribution of Active Stone Quarries in St. Louis City and County, for the Year 1889

A Descriptive List of Stone Quarries.

(pp. 40-83)

“The following descriptive list gives what general information the writer could obtain relating to the individual stone quarries.  It is meant to be used in connection with other parts of the paper, such as the maps, where the geological and geographical locations of quarries is shown, the table of analyses, where the composition of numerous beds of limestone is exposed, and the statistical tables, where the character, amount and value of the product of the quarries is given.

Plant of quarries - Bluff quarries.

“A comparatively small amount of machinery is used at the St. Louis quarries.  Many of the quarries are small, shallow openings, worked for macadam and foundation stone. Without the aid of any machinery.  Some of the large and deep quarries have a steep, winding road to the surface, up which all the product is hauled in wagons, and, as many of these quarries have a natural drainage through subterranean passages, it is possible to dispense with pumping machinery.  A class, including a large number of quarries, is the bluff quarry, which are opened along the face of old river bluffs, as open cuts.  Here, for the production of stone for common uses, machinery is not necessary.  Many of these quarries are to be found along the bluffs of the Mississippi river, where railroad facilities are close at hand.  Most of their output, however, goes to a local market, and is hauled to its destination in wagons.  Similarly situated, but without an immediate local market, are the quarries near Vigus, in the old bluffs of the Missouri river.  These latter quarries aim to produce dimension stone, and such stone can be shipped by rail from here at a profit.

Use of channeling machines.

“The working of the thick lower beds of the St. Louis formation into dimension stone, for which they seem to be well suited, calls for channeling machines.  A few of these are now in use, and it is probable that they will be more extensively introduced in the near future.

“The distribution of quarries, excepting those in the river bluffs, seems to be determined largely by the thickness of the stripping which is found above the workable stone.  The stripping is composed of the Loess clays and sands,  the Drift (sand and pebbles), residual clay and decomposing limestone.

Bluff quarries.

“The illustration opposite this page (below) is intended to show the general features of one of the St. Louis’ largest sunken quarries.  The view is of the south end of the quarry, and shows the stripping, the crushing machines with the wagons below it receiving their load of crushed stone, the building containing the engine room, etc., and the heaps of riprap and macadam lying about in the quarry.

Bluff Quarries on the Mississippi River.  Near the foot of Cahokia Street.  Illustrating a bluff quarry, in distinction to a sunken quarry.  The Loess stripping, the ledges of the limestone, and the manner of quarrying are also shown. Bluff Quarries on the Mississippi River.

Information in section.

“In the sections which are given are descriptions of the important or striking features of all the exposed beds at a quarry.  It is evident from a study of these sections that a considerable variety of products for a quarry is necessary.  Usually only a few beds at any quarry are suitable for dimension work, except the lighter kinds, such as window sills, etc.  Other beds are used for macadam, paving, riprap, building stone, etc., according to their qualities and adaptability to the production of a given class of material.  It will be seen in the following descriptive list that the product of the individual stone quarries is generally of a very varied character.

The Quarries in St. Louis City

“All of the quarries within the city limits are in the St. Louis Limestone formation.

Location and product.

Albernacius, Frank, and Adam Kern (L, 17): - Mr. Albernacius and Mr. Kern operate small quarries in the bluff immediately adjoining Mr. Lohrum’s quarry.  The product consists of macadam, paving and dimension stone.  These quarries have been worked eighteen and nine years respectively.

Section.

“Following is the section here, in descending series: -

  1. Stripping 6 feet.
  2. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in six inch layers - 2 feet
  3. Limestone, gray, fine grained, compact - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, fine grained, compact - 6 inches.
  5. Limestone, dark gray to drab, fine grained - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  6. Limestone, light gray - 6 feet.
  7. Limestone, light gray - 1 foot.
  8. Limestone, very thin layers - 5 inches.
  9. Limestone, thin layers, with shale partings - 2 feet.
  10. Limestone, gray, compact - 1 foot.
  11. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in two layers - 3 feet, 6 inches.
  12. Limestone, dark gray, rather coarse grained - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  13. Limestone, brownish, impure, thin layers - 10 feet.
  14. Limestone, inaccessible, in beds six to thirty-six inches thick - 6 feet, 2 inches.
  15. Limestone, thin layers, jointed and weathered - 7 feet.
  16. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in three layers - 5 feet.
  17. Limestone, gray and brown - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  18. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in two twelve inch layers - 2 feet.
  19. Limestone, gray, carries thin layers in chert - 3 feet.
  20. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in two twelve inch layers - 2 feet.
  21. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 67 feet, 3 inches.

Location.

Section.

Baldwin, Henry (I, 20): - Mr. Baldwin’s quarry is situated between Itaska and Maeder streets, east of Pennsylvania avenue.  It has been worked continuously since 1872, when it opened.  The product is mostly building and dimension stone.  The quarry is two hundred and thirteen feet long, by one hundred and thirty feet wide, and exposes the following columnar section, in descending series: -

  1. Loess - 15 feet.
  2. Residuary clay mixed with the gravel of the drift - 12 feet.
  3. Limestone partially decomposed - 5 feet, 10 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray and brown, siliceous, coarse-grained, contains patches of calcite, and, at the top and bottom concretions of chert - 7 feet.
  5. Limestone, gray, very coarse-grained, crystalline and fossiliferous - 3 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray, fossiliferous in two or more layers - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  7. Limestone, gray, coarse-grained, in two or more layers - 4 feet, 6 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, fine and coarse in grain in many layers - 6 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 26 feet, 1 inch.

Location.

Bambrick-Bates Construction Co., First Quarry (N, 9-2): -

“This quarry is situated on Madison stret (sic), between Maine and second streets.  It was opened in 1867, and has, since, been worked continuously.  It is three hundred feet long, one hundred and twenty feet wide, and eighty feet deep.  Stone for all common purposes is quarried.

Location.

Bambrick-Bates Construction Co., Second Quarry (N, 9): -

“This quarry occupies about one-half the block between Clinton, Madison, Main and Second streets.  It was opened in 1886, and produces stone for all common purposes.

Section.

“The following columnar section is exposed, in descending series: -

  1. Residuary clay and soil - 3 feet.
  2. Limestone, weathered and decomposing - 9 inches.
  3. Limestone, gray to brownish, fine and coarse grained - 1 inch, 8 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, in five or six layers - 2 feet, 10 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, fine grained, cherty - 1 feet, 2 inches.
  6. Limestone, nearly white, very siliceous - 1 foot, 2 feet.
  7. Limestone, dark gray, coarse, sub-crystalline - 1 foot, 4 inches.
  8. Limestone, dark gray, coarse, numerous cavities lined with calcite crystals - 2 feet, 3 inches.
  9. Shale and limestone in thin layers - 7 inches.
  10. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 3 feet, 6 inches.
  11. Shales and limestone in thin layers - 5 inches.
  12. Limestone, gray, vary-grained - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  13. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  14. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, fossiliferous - 1 foot, 3 inches.
  15. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, fossiliferous, in several layers - 4 foot, 10 inches.
  16. Limestone, lavender, very fine grained, chert concretions, two layers - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  17. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 4 inches.
  18. Limestone, brown and lavender, coarse grained, crystalline, in three layers - 2 feet.
  19. Limestone, brownish, coarse grained, three layers - 1 foot.

Total thickness of rock - 37 feet, 9 inches.

Location and product.

Barnett, Wm. H.  (J, 12): - Mr. Barnett has a quarry which is situated just south of Bernard and east of Cardinal avenues.  It was opened in 1889.  The product consists of macadam, paving, dimension stone and riprap.  The quarry is about three hundred and twenty-five feet long by three hundred feet wide.  The stripping of Loess has been removed and made into bricks.  It is soon to be worked on a much larger scale than it is at present.

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Limestone, decomposing - 8 feet.
  2. Limestone, gray, uniform grain, contains corals - 3 feet, 1 inch.
  3. Shale, very soft - 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, fine grained, calcite veins - 6 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, crystalline, varying in texture - 3 feet, 8 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray, in two layers, calcite veins, fossiliferous - 3 feet, 4 inches.
  7. Limestone, gray, varying in texture, concretionary at bottom, upper four or five feet coarse grained and fossiliferous - 6 feet.
  8. Limestone, dark gray, concretionary - 4 ½ feet.
  9. Limestone, light drab, uniform fine texture - 7 inches.
  10. Limestone, light drab, very fine grained, concretionary near top - 1 foot, 4 inches.
  11. Limestone, very dark drab, fine grained, calcite veins - 7 inches.
  12. Limestone, dark gray, concretionary - 8 inches.
  13. Limestone, drab, lithographic - ---

Total thickness of rock - 28 feet, 7 ½ inches.

“The beds have a slight easterly or north-easterly dip.

Location and product.

Brocksmith, H. (C. 14): - Mr. Brocksmith has a quarry at Clifton Heights, just north-west of the Missouri Pacific Railway station.  It was opened about thirty-five years ago (circa 1860), and has been worked by the present owner for the last eight years.  The product consists of paving, macadam, building stone and a little dimension stone, in the quarrying of which two machine drills are used.  The quarry is about one hundred feet long by thirty-five feet wide.  The stripping of Loess is disposed of by making bricks of it.

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Loess, lower two feet gravel - 10-20 feet.
  2. Limestone, decomposing and weathered - 6 feet, 6 inches.
  3. Limestone, gray, soft, in three ten inch layers - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, fine grained, soft - 8 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, soft, weathers into two twelve inch layers - 2 feet.
  6. Limestone, light gray, compact, yellowish when weathered, in four to six inch layers - 9 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 20 feet, 8 inches.

Location and product.

Byrnes, Thomas (J, 10): - Mr. Byrnes has a small quarry which is situated on Magazine street, just east of Mr. Cavanaugh’s quarry.  The product is small and consists mostly of building stone.

Location and product.

Cavanaugh, T. E. (J, 10); - Mr. Cavanaugh has a quarry which is situated on the south-east corner of Magazine street and Garrison avenue.  It was opened about twenty-three years ago (circa 1867).  The product consists of building stone, paving stone and macadam.  One three-inch Ingersoll drill is used.  The stone is hauled to the surface in wagons, up an inclined road.

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Loess - 10-14 feet.
  2. Limestone, gray, even textured, good dimension stone, in four layers, from twenty to thirty inches thick - 8 feet, 6 inches.
  3. Limestone, weathers into layers about ten inches in thickness - 5 feet.
  4. Limestone, gray, soft, weathers into a thirty inch top and an eighteen inch bottom layer - 4 feet.
  5. Limestone, light gray, compact, divides into places into two layers.  The upper one is six and a half feet thick, and has numerous concretions of chert arranged along a bedding plane.  The lower one is three and a half feet thick, and is marked with stylolites - 10 feet.
  6. Limestone, very dark gray, fine grained, but not uniformly so - 1 foot.
  7. Limestone, light gray, compact in two layers - 10 inches.
  8. Limestone, dark gray, compact, soft - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  9. Limestone, light gray, soft, in four layers - 8 feet, 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 39 feet, 4 inches.

Location and product.

Devereux and Sons (G, 7): - The quarry operated by this firm is situated on Marcus avenue, between Osage and Loraine streets.  Building stone is the chief product.  The quarry was opened in 1870.  It is about one hundred and twenty-five feet long, seventy-five feet wide, and exposes the following columnar section, in descending series: -

Section.

  1. Loess, drift, residuary clay and decomposing limestone - 5-20 feet.
  2. Limestone, light gray, even grained, in three to five layers, of which the upper ones are very fossiliferous - 4 feet.
  3. Limestone, drab, fine-grained, brittle, fossiliferous, in layers from three to ten inches thick - 5 feet.
  4. Limestone, drab, fine grained, brittle, calcite veins, fossiliferous, several layers - 4 feet.
  5. Limestone, banded gray and brown, coarse grained - 2 feet.
  6. Limestone, drab, fine grained, dark colored chert concretions and layers - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  7. Limestone, very dark gray, calcite patches, chert concretions - 2 feet, 1 inch.
  8. Limestone, lavender, very fine grained and compact, brittle, lithographic, in four layers two to seven inches thick - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  9. Limestone, gray rather coarse grained - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  10. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  11. Limestone, dark gray, in three to five layers - 2 feet, 4 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 24 feet, 5 inches.

Location.

Engleman, A. O. (M, 15): - Mr. Engleman has a quarry which is situated at the foot of North Trudeau street, west of the Missouri Pacific railway tracks.  It was opened in 1870, and for ten years was quarried for the purpose of producing lime.  It is about two hundred and fifty feet long and one hundred and twenty-five feet wide.  The product now consists of dimension and building stone, macadam and paving.  Two Ingersoll drills and a channeling machine are in use.  Stone is handled by derricks.

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Clay and decomposing limestone - 16 feet.
  2. Limestone, thin weathered beds - 17 feet.
  3. Limestone, gray, hard, compact - 2 feet, 3 inches.
  4. Limestone in thin layers - 10 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, hard, concretionary - 10 inches.
  6. Limestone, greenish, soft, chloritic - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  7. Limestone, grayish, in thin layers - 10 inches.
  8. Shale - 4-6 inches.
  9. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 8 inches.
  10. Limestone, light gray, fine grained, stylolites at top - 3 feet, 6 inches.
  11. Limestone, white, coarse grained, semi-crystalline - 2 feet.
  12. Limestone, white, lithographic - 2 feet.
  13. Limestone, gray, rather coarse grained, much jointed - 1 foot.
  14. Limestone, gray, fine grained, hard, compact - 4 feet.
  15. Limestone, light gray, fine grained - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  16. Limestone, yellowish - 4 inches.
  17. Limestone, very light gray, fine grained, compact - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  18. Limestone, gray, fine grained, compact, in two two foot layers - 4 feet.
  19. Limestone, light gray, chert concretions - 4 feet.
  20. Limestone, light gray, lithographic, much jointed - 1 foot.
  21. Limestone, light gray, lithographic - 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 50 feet, 10 inches.

Location and product.

Eyerman, G., Estate, First Quarry (I, 20): - This quarry is situated east of Virginia avenue, near Maeder.  The product is mostly building stone, but a little dimension stone, macadam and paving stone, is quarried.  The quarry has been worked since 1882 (in circa 1890).  It is about ninety feet side and three hundred and twenty feet long.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 6-18 feet.
  2. Residuary clay, mined with the gravel of the drift - 1 foot.
  3. Limestone, partially decomposed - 2 feet.
  4. Limestone, light gray, fine grained - 3 feet, 6 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, coarse and fine grained, few fossils, several layers - 5 feet, 6 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray, compact, siliceous - 5 feet.
  7. Limestone, gray, numerous concretions of chert - 1 foot, 4 inches.
  8. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained, compact and hard in two layers - 4 feet, 4 inches.
  9. Limestone, lavender, very fine grained, and compact, brittle, calcite veins - 1 foot.
  10. Limestone, very dark gray, sub-crystalline - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  11. Limestone, gray and yellow, fine grained, siliceous - 2 feet, 5 inches
  12. Limestone, light and dark gray, cherty - 9 inches.
  13. Limestone, drab, very fine grained - 1 foot, 1 inch.
  14. Shale, greenish blue, sandy - 3-5 inches.
  15. Limestone, gray and bluish, fine grained - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  16. Limestone, light gray, fine and coarse grained - 3 feet, 4 inches.
  17. Limestone, light gray, fine grained - 1 foot.
  18. Limestone, white and grayish, fine grained - 2 feet, 10 inches.
  19. Like number 18, but contains much chert - 3 feet, 2 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 40 feet, 7 inches.

Location and product.

Friederichs, Jacob (I, 20): - Mr. Friederichs has a quarry situated at the intersection of Minnesota avenue and Maeder street, which was opened about seven years ago.  The quarry is rectangular in shape, is about sixty feet long by fifty feet wide, and is drained by a subterranean channel.

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Soil and Loess - 8-16 feet.
  2. Gravel and residuary clay - 16 feet.
  3. Limestone, partially decomposed - 2-6 feet.
  4. Limestone, light gray, soft - 3 feet.
  5. Limestone, light gray, several layers interstratified with chert - 4 feet, 4 inches.
  6. Limestone, light gray, in thin layers, calcite veins - 7 feet.
  7. Limestone, very light gray, chert concretions and layers near the top - 1 foot, 3 inches.
  8. Limestone, brownish, siliceous, numerous chert concretions and layers near the top and bottom - 5 feet.
  9. Limestone, gray, fossiliferous, coarse grained, in two layers - 3 feet, 8 inches.
  10. Limestone, gray, fossiliferous, calcite veins - 1 foot.
  11. Limestone, light gray, coarse grained, several layers - 6 feet.
  12. Limestone, light gray, fine grained, soft, two layers - 3 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 36 feet, 9 inches.

Location and product.

Fruin, Bambrick & Co., First Quarry (H, 12): - This quarry is situated at the junction of Cabanne avenue and Papin street.  There are two shallow openings, one on each side of the Missouri Pacific railway.  Work was begun here about two years ago (circa 1898), and has consisted mainly of the removal of stone for the production of macadam.

Fruin, Bambrick & Co., Second Quarry (C, 14): - This quarry is situated on the ‘Frisco’ railway at Clifton Heights.  The product consists mostly of macadam and building stone.  Some paving is also produced.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Loess - 30 feet.
  2. Limestone, much broken and more or less decomposed - 10 feet, 4 inches.
  3. Limestone, gray, fine grained, compact, in three ten inch layers - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, full of dark colored flinty concretions - 6 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray, soft, occasional chert concretions - 10 inches.
  6. Limestone (covered with debris) - 2 feet.
  7. Limestone, light gray, compact, in two layers each thirty inches thick - 5 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 21 feet, 2 inches.

Location:

Fruin, Bambrick & Co., Third Quarry (I, 13): - This quarry is situated on the south-east corner of Grand and Chouteau avenues.  Work was begun by the present operators in may 1890, with the intention of producing paving stone, macadam and rubble.  But little work has been done as yet.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 3 feet.
  2. Limestone, weathered in thin layers - 20 feet.
  3. Limestone, yellow, soft and shaly - 2 inches.
  4. Clay, yellow, soft, laminated - 6 inches.
  5. Clay carrying flinty nodules - 4 inches.
  6. Shale, green, soft - 6 inches.
  7. Limestone, bluish gray, very fined grained, compact, in two layers, respectively three feet and a foot and a half thick - 4 feet, 6 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, in six to ten inch layers - 4 feet.
  9. Limestone, gray, rather coarse grained, in two eighteen inch layers - 3 feet.
  10. Limestone, gray, hard, compact - 5 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 38 feet, 0 inches.

Location and product.

Fruin, Bambrick & Co., Fourth Quarry (H, 12): - This quarry is situated near the junction of Cabanne and Chouteau avenues.  The product consists of macadam, paving, building stone and rubble.  The quarry is about thirty-five feet deep.

Location and product.

Grand, Louis (K, 19) - Mr. Grand has a large quarry which is situated west of the Iron Mountain and Southern railway track, near Meramec street.  The quarry is two hundred feet long and sixty feet deep.  The product consists of macadam, building stone and paving.  The quarry is in the same bluff as the Work House* quarry and the sections at the two quarries are very similar.

[* Page 50 footnote:  For analyses of the stone from the respective beds of this section see page 77.  (Table intitled, “Work House Quarry, St. Louise Limestone.”)]

Location and product.

Heman Bros. (O, 10): - This firm has a quarry which is situated in the block west of Main Street and south of Brooklyn.  Stone for most all the common uses is produced.  Following is the columnar section made at the quarry, in descending series: -

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Soil, loess and decomposing limestone - 4-12 inches.
  2. Limestone, in thin layers - 4 feet.
  3. Limestone, in two beds (inaccessible) - 8-9 feet.
  4. Shale, greenish, alternating with limestone - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  5. Limestone, gray to bluish, fine grained - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray, vary-grained, cherty in upper part - 2 feet.
  7. Shale, greenish, with nodules of limestone - 4 inches.
  8. Limestone, dark gray, rather coarse grained - 3 feet, 10 inches.
  9. Limestone, light gray, shaly - 2 feet.
  10. Limestone, light gray, fine grained, occasional concretions of chert - 1 foot, 9 inches.
  11. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  12. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, crystalline - 1 foot.
  13. Limestone, drab, shaly - 3 inches.
  14. Limestone, gray to white, fine grained, cherty - 2 feet, 1 inch.
  15. Limestone, gray and brownish, in beds from one to six inches thick - 7 feet, 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 38 feet, 7 inches.

Location and product.

Hogan, E. W. (K, 6): - Mr. Hogan has a quarry which adjoins the Perkinson Second Quarry on the eleventh street side.  The product consists of macadam, building stone and paving.  Stone is hoisted from the quarry by derricks.

“The section is the same here as that at the latter quarry.  (The Heman Bros. quarry located in the block west of Main Street and south of Brooklyn.)  

Location and product.

Hogan, M. (L, 7): - Mr. Hogan has a quarry on Penrose south of Blair avenue.  The product consists of macadam.

“Following is the section in descending series: -

Section.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

  1. Loess - 20 inches.
  2. Limestone, gray, fine grained, compact, in three thirty-six inches (sic) layers - 9 feet.
  3. Shale - 1-3 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 1 foot.
  5. Limestone, thin beds, in some places two to three feet thick, in others two to six inches thick - 15 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 25 feet, 10 inch.

Location - product.

Hogan and Moran (J, 9): - This firm has a quarry which is situated at the north-east corner of Magazine street and Garrison avenue.  It was opened fifty-one years ago (circa 1839), and was worked by R. Kingen for seventeen years.  Mr. Hogan then worked it for twenty-five years when it went into the hands of the present firm which has since operated it continuously. The product consists of macadam, building stone and paving.  Stone is loaded, in the quarry, into movable wag beds, hoisted to the surface and delivered to the wheels of the truck.

“The upper part of the section is the same as that at Cavanaugh’s*...The entire section is as follows, in descending series: -

(* See the entry for:  St. Louis, St. Louis County, Missouri - the T. E. Cavanaugh Quarry.”

Section.

  1. Limestone, same as at Cavanaugh’s - 39 feet, 4 inches.
  2. Limestone, gray to drab, hard, crystalline - 3 feet.
  3. Limestone, full of chert concretions - 10 inches.
  4. Limestone, light gray, hard, considerably faulted - 4 feet.
  5. Limestone, drab, lithographic, considerably faulted - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  6. Limestone, light gray, cherty, lithographic, in three layers - 6 feet.
  7. Limestone, dark gray, siliceous, splits easily in three layers - 2 feet, 10 inches.
  8. Shale, greenish, very persistent - 2-4 feet.
  9. Limestone, gray, hard, fine grained, compact, in two layers - 5 feet.

Total thickness of rock - Total thickness of rock - 63 feet, 9 inches.

Location and product.

Kempf, Conrad (I, 20): - Mr. Kempf has a quarry situated next to Mr. Friedericks, which was opened in 1883.  Dimension and building stone, and macadam are produced.  The quarry is drained by a subterranean stream.  It is about one hundred and eighty feet long by one hundred feet wide, and exposes the following columnar section, in descending order: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 10-20 feet.
  2. Residuary clay, mixed with the gravel of the drift - 18 inches.
  3. Limestone, drab, uniform fine grained, highly fossiliferous, in two and sometimes three layers - 5 feet.
  4. Limestone, partially decomposed - 6 feet.
  5. Limestone, gray and light brown, chert layers and concretions - 3 feet.
  6. Limestone, light gray, uniform fine grained - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  7. Limestone, dark and light gray, rather fine grained, quite hard - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, in three layers - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  9. Limestone, dark gray, coarse grained, fossiliferous - 4 feet, 10 inches.
  10. Same as number 9 - 6 inches.
  11. Limestone, gray, coarse and fine grained, in a variable number of layers - 3 feet, 8 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 27 feet, 8 inches.

Kern, Adam: - See Albernacius.”

Location and product.

Kinealy and Sons (K, 7): - This firm has a quarry which is situated in the block between Florissant, Twenty-second, Penrose and Angelica streets.  It was opened in the spring of 1889.  Building stone, curbing and macadam are the chief products.  The quarry is about sixty feet long, fifty feet wide and exposes the following columnar section, in descending series: -

Section.

  1. Loess, drift and decomposing limestone - 26 feet.
  2. Limestone, lavender, fine grained, very fossiliferous - 1 foot.
  3. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, crystalline - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray to lavender, coarse grained in several layers - 4 feet.
  5. Limestone, gray to drab, fine grained, very fossiliferous - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray and lavender, fine and coarse grained, in layers from two to ten inches thick - 6 feet, 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 15 feet, 6 inches.

Knaus and Willis (J, 19): - See Allen.”

Location and product.

“Krug and Zesch (I, 20): - This firm has a quarry at the corner of Minnesota and Delor avenues.  It was first worked in 1869.  The output consists of macadam, paving, building stone and ‘furnace rock.’  The quarry is drained by a subterranean stream.  It is about two hundred feet long, one hundred feet wide, and exposes the following vertical section, in descending series: -

Section.

  1. Loess, yellow clay - 5-20 feet.
  2. Drift (gravel) and residuary clay - 1 foot.
  3. Limestone, decomposed - 3 feet.
  4. Limestone, very siliceous - 5 feet.
  5. Limestone, in three beds, gray, fine grained, lower and upper beds rather siliceous - 3-4 feet.
  6. Limestone, in two beds, almost white, rather coarse grained, suture joints - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  7. Limestone, gray, very fine grained, compact, brittle, called ‘glass ledge’ - 1 foot, 3 inches.
  8. Limestone, dark gray and brown, numerous calcite crystals, disintegrates rapidly - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  9. Limestone, gray, compact - 1 foot, 2 inches.
  10. Limestone, in thin layers, white and gray, cherty - 4 feet.
  11. Limestone, in thin layers, white and gray - 5 feet.
  12. Limestone, gray, fine grained, chert concretions and layers - 4 feet.
  13. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, siliceous - 4 feet.
  14. Limestone, gray, coarse grained - 3 inches.
  15. Limestone, gray, coarse grained - 4 inches.
  16. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, fossiliferous - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  17. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, easily disintegrated - 7 inches.
  18. Limestone, gray, rather coarse grained, hard - 1 foot, 8 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 40 feet, 3 inches.

Location and product.

Lohrum, John C. (L, 17): - Mr. Lohrum has a quarry, situated in the face of the Mississippi river bluff, near the foot of Cahokia street, and on the Iron Mountain and Southern railway.  The chief product is macadam and building stone; but some paving and dimension stone is quarried.  The section here is about like that given below, at Martin Lorentz’ quarry,* although it is a little higher in the series, and a few different ledges come in at the base.  The quarry has a face of three hundred feet in length.  It was opened in 1883.

(* See the entry:  “St. Louis, St. Louis County, Missouri - the Martin Lorentz Quarry.”)

Location.

Lorentz, Martin (L, 17): - This quarry is situated by the side of the Iron Mountain & Southern railway track, near Cahokia street.  It is one of the series of quarries which are worked in the face of the Mississippi river bluffs, and may be seen in the illustration on page 41 (see below).  The principal product is building stone and macadam.  The following section,* in descending series, shows the character of the material used: -

(* Page 54 footnote:  For the results of analyses of average samples of the beds of this section, see page 76. - See table below.)

Martin Lorentz’ Quarry, St. Louis Limestone.  (For Description of Section, see p. 54 - above) Martin Lorentz’ Quarry, St. Louis Limestone.
Bluff Quarries on the Mississippi River.  Near the foot of Cahokia Street.  Illustrating a bluff quarry, in distinction to a sunken quarry.  The Loess stripping, the ledges of the limestone, and the manner of quarrying are also shown. Bluff Quarries on the Mississippi River.

Section.

  1. Loess, the stripping - 10-30 feet.
  2. Drift of pebbles - 1 foot.
  3. Limestone (Analysis No. 20), light gray, darker towards top, fine grained - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone (Analysis No. 21), like No. 3 - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  5. Limestone (Analysis No. 22), light, yellow and gray, soft - 8 inches.
  6. Limestone (Analysis No. 23), light and dark gray, varying texture, compact, brittle, hard - 2 feet, 10 inches.
  7. Limestone (Analysis No. 24), gray, fine grained, jointed - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  8. Limestone (Analysis No. 25), light gray, fine grained, color and texture somewhat variable - 2 feet 6 inches.
  9. Limestone (Analysis No. 26), dull gray to yellowish, harder towards base - 4 feet, 2 inches.
  10. Limestone (Analysis No. 27), brownish and gray, coarse grained, shaly near top, two layers varying in thickness - 3 feet.
  11. Limestone (Analysis No. 28), like No. 10 - 2 feet, 4 inches.
  12. Limestone (Analysis NO. 29), dull gray, very fine grained - 5 inches.
  13. Limestone (Analysis No. 30,), drab, hard, brittle, lithographic - 11 inches.
  14. Shale - 1 inch.
  15. Limestone (Analysis No. 31), gray, hard - 9 inches.
  16. Limestone (Analysis No. 32), light drab, with dark bands - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  17. Limestone (Analysis No. 33), dark gray, carries layer of chert - 3 feet, 11 inches.
  18. Limestone (Analysis No. 34), light drab, fine grained, layer of chert three feet from base varying in thickness - 8 feet, 2 inches.
  19. Limestone (Analysis No. 35), dark gray, geodes, lined with calcite crystals - 8 inches.
  20. Limestone (Analysis No. 36), light gray, soft chert, concretions near top - 2 feet.
  21. Limestone (Analysis No. 37), gray, coarse grained - 1 foot, 10 inches.
  22. Limestone (Analysis No. 38), like last, but poorer quality - 10 inches.
  23. Limestone (Analysis No. 39), dark gray to brownish, lower sixteen inches cherty - 4 feet.
  24. Limestone (Analysis No. 40), brown, otherwise like No. 23 - 3 feet, 9 inches.
  25. Limestone (Analysis No. 41), drab, hard, brittle, fine grained, lithographic - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  26. Limestone (Analysis No. 42), dark gray, coarse grained, hard, in three ledges - 3 feet, 4 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 56 feet, 4 inches.

Location.

Mohun, Patrick (I, 13): - Mr. Mohun’s quarry adjoins that of Christian Piepers, and occupies about half of the same opening, which is two hundred and seven feet long and one hundred and fifty feet wide.  Work is at present suspended (circa 1890).

Location.

O’Meara, John B., First Quarry (F, 17): - This quarry is one of three which are conducted by Mr. O’Meara.  It is situated on the south side of Euclid, and on the west side of Ashland avenues.  It has been worked since 1876.  The product consists of dimension stone, paving, macadam, foundation stone, etc.  Steam saws have been used for about five years, and at present a channeling machine is in use.

“The outline of the quarry is roughly circular at the surface, and is about four hundred yards in circumference.  The following section in descending series, is exposed: -

Section.

  1. Stripping Loess, drift and decomposing limestone - 20 feet.
  2. Limestone (inaccessible) - 10 feet.
  3. Limestone, gray, jointed in four layers - 3 feet, 8 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray, lithographic, in many layers - 11 feet.
  5. Limestone, gray at top, growing very dark downwards, containing much chert, especially at the top - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  6. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 10 inches.
  7. Limestone, dark and light gray, concretionary - 3-5 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, uniform texture, best dimension stone in quarry - 2 feet, 9 inches.
  9. Limestone, brownish, coarse grained, fossiliferous, several layers - 3 feet, 9 inches.
  10. Limestone, gray to bluish, fine grained, many layers, fossiliferous - 7 feet, 3 inches.
  11. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained, many layers - 7 feet, 6 inches.
  12. Limestone, gray, fine grained, fossiliferous, numerous cavities - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  13. Limestone, gray to brown, coarse grained - 1 foot.
  14. Limestone, brownish, quite soft - 1 foot, 4 inches.
  15. Limestone, dark gray, coarse grained, siliceous - 1 foot.
  16. Limestone, dark gray, with horizontal streaks of brown, fine grained - 5 feet, 8 inches.
  17. Limestone, gray, fine grained, concretions of chert at top - 3 feet, 8 inches.
  18. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 3 feet.
  19. Limestone, very dark gray, coarse grained - 5 inches.
  20. Limestone, gray, fine grained - 11 inches.
  21. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 7 inches.
  22. Limestone, gray, vary in texture from coarse to fine - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  23. Limestone, dull gray, coarse grained - 3 feet, 8 inches.
  24. Limestone, light gray, fine grained, soft, dresses to white - 3 feet, 2 inches.
  25. Limestone, gray, with greenish tinge, breaks into thin layers - 1 feet, 4 inches.
  26. Limestone, gray, coarse grained - 2 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 81 feet, 4 inches.

Location and product.

O’Meara, John B., Second Quarry (K, 9): - This quarry is situated at the corner of twenty-fifth and Montgomery streets, and occupies nearly a whole block.  It was opened about twenty-five years ago (circa 1865).  No dimension stone is quarried at present, although formerly a considerable amount of it was produced.  The output is mostly paving, foundation stone and macadam.  One four inch Ingersoll drill is used.  Stone is hoisted from the quarry in the movable beds of wagons by derricks.  The stripping varies here from a few inches to thirty feet in thickness.  The upper twenty-five feet of limestone are very flinty, and are worth but little, though a few of the layers may make good curbing.

Location and product.

O’Meara, John B., Third Quarry (F, 12): - This quarry is situated at number 4400 Clayton road.  The product consists mostly of curbing and paving, and a small amount of building stone.  Hand drills and a derrick are used.

“The following section was made in the quarry, in descending series: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 40 feet.
  2. Limestone, decomposing - 5 feet.
  3. Limestone, irregular, cherty and hard layers - 5 feet.
  4. Limestone, in layers, varying from two to ten inches - 10-11 feet.
  5. Limestone, dark gray, hard, in four layers, used for curbing - 3 feet.
  6. Limestone, gray, hard, chert concretions, stylolites - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  7. Limestone, gray, fine grained, used for paving altogether - 10 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in two layers, used for curbing - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  9. Limestone, gray, uniform fine texture, weathers into several layers - 2 feet, 6 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 31 feet, 4 inches.

Location.

Perkinson, J. E. & Bro., First Quarry (J, 7): - This quarry is situated near the corner of Harrison and Grand avenues.  It was opened in 1870, and has been worked by the present owners for sixteen years.  It is about one hundred and thirty-five feet deep.  Stone for all common purposes is quarried.

“The following section, in descending series, was obtained here: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 40 feet.
  2. Limestone, decomposing and weathered - 10 feet.
  3. Limestone, gray, compact, in two layers - 5 feet.
  4. Limestone, in thin layers - 20 feet.
  5. Limestone, gray in two thirty-inch layers - 5.
  6. Limestone, in thin layers - 4 feet.
  7. Limestone, dark gray - 1 foot.
  8. Limestone, several layers - 10 feet.
  9. Limestone, very thin layers - 1 foot.
  10. Limestone, gray, variable texture - 6-7 feet.
  11. 11.  Limestone, gray, chert concretions, in three layers - 6 feet, 6 inches.
  12. 12.  Limestone, white, compact, uniform texture, weathers dark in places - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  13. Limestone, gray, coarsely crystalline - 3 feet, 6 inches.
  14. Limestone, light gray, compact - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  15. Limestone, white and greenish, in alternating layers which vary from ten to twenty-four inches in thickness - 5 feet, 6 inches.
  16. Limestone, light gray, compact, in three layers - 4 feet, 10 inches.

Total thickness of rock - 86 feet, 4 inches.

Location.

Perkinson, J. E. & Bros., Second Quarry (K, 6): - This quarry is situated near the corner of Bissell street and Broadway.  Stone for all the common purposes is quarried.

“Following is the section, in descending series, obtained here: -

Section.

  1. Loess - 15 feet.
  2. Limestone, weathered - 5 feet.
  3. Limestone, shaly - 1 foot, 6 inches.
  4. Limestone, gray - 3 feet.
  5. Limestone, dark gray and blue, crystalline, calcite veins, flinty in places - 3 feet.
  6. Limestone, yellow and brown, changes color abruptly, cross bedded - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  7. Limestone, light and dark gray, in layers varying in thickness from twenty to thirty-six inches - 9 feet, 8 inches.
  8. Limestone, gray, in two to ten inch layers - 15 feet.
  9. Limestone, dark gray, fine grained - 4 feet.
  10. Limestone, light gray, fine grained - 1 foot.
  11. Limestone, gray, coarse grained, in four layers - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  12. Limestone, light gray, in three layers - 2 feet, 6 inches.
  13. Limestone, gray, fine grained, in two layers - 10 inches.
  14. Limestone - 1 foot, 8 inches.
  15. Limestone, in six to twelve inch layers - 15 feet.

Total thickness of rock - 65 feet, 6 inches.

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