TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter		Page
	INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	1
I.	Land Acquisition, Growth and Demise of the Hummelstown Brownstone Industry -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	3
	Location of the quarries -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------	4
	Land acquisition for the quarries --------------------------------------------------------------------------	4
	Pennsylvania Brown Free Stone Company ----------------------------------------------------------------	8
	Allen Walton assumes superintendence -------------------------------------------------------------------	10
	Formation of Hummelstown Brownstone Company -------------------------------------------------------	13
	Competition of Pennsylvania Brownstone Company, Ltd. -------------------------------------------------	14
	Brownstone - Middletown Railroad Company ------------------------------------------------------------	15
	Diversification through sand - lime brick production -------------------------------------------------------	17
	Demise of the Hummelstown Brownstone Company ------------------------------------------------------	18
II.	Quality and Characteristics of Hummelstown Brownstone ----------------------------------------------------	19
	Chemical analysis of the stone ----------------------------------------------------------------------------	21
	Stress analysis of the stone --------------------------------------------------------------------------------	21
	Five quarries and characteristics of the stone --------------------------------------------------------------	22
	Endorsement of Philadelphia architects, builders, and stonecutters -----------------------------------------	26
III.	Techniques of Quarrying and Dressing Hummelstown Brownstone --------------------------------------------	29
	Quarrying and removing the stone -------------------------------------------------------------------------	29
	Sawing the stone -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	35
	Dressing the stone ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	38
	Powering the mills ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	39
	Carving the stone -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	40
	Stereotomy -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	41
	Stone finishes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	43
	Stone hand tools ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	44
IV.	Transporting the Stone ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	47
	Union Canal ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	47
	Teamster -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	48
	Brownstone - Middletown Railroad Company ------------------------------------------------------------	54
V.	Work Force -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	62
	Beneficial societies and unionism --------------------------------------------------------------------------	64
	Wage record for November, 1868 -----------------------------------------------------------------------	69
VI.	Waltonville: a Company Town -------------------------------------------------------------------------------	73
	Post office and mercantile ventures ------------------------------------------------------------------------	73
	Housing --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	74
	Church and religion ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	75
	School ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	76
	Recreation and holidays ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------	76
	Crime ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	79
	Afterward ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	81
VII.	Uses of Hummelstown Brownstone --------------------------------------------------------------------------	83
	Utilitarian -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	83
	Brownstone trim ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	88
	Brownstone as a primary building material ----------------------------------------------------------------	98
	Churches -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	102
	Other uses of Hummelstown Brownstone -----------------------------------------------------------------	114
VIII.	Hummelstown Brownstone Sand - Lime Bricks --------------------------------------------------------------	118
	Resolution establishing brick production ------------------------------------------------------------------	118
	First brick plant ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	118
	Second brick plant ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	120
	Procedure for manufacturing sand - lime bricks -----------------------------------------------------------	120
	Analysis of brownstone sand - lime bricks ----------------------------------------------------------------	124
	Dissolution of Hummelstown brownstone brick production ------------------------------------------------	128
*******************************
	Epilogue ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	129
*******************************
	Bibliography -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	132
	Appendix A - Buildings constructed from Hummelstown Brownstone -----------------------------------------	138
	Appendix B - Land purchases of the Hummelstown Brownstone Company -----------------------------------	155
	Appendix C - Diagram of the quarries ------------------------------------------------------------------------	156
	Glossary -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------	157
	A Portfolio of Hummelstown Brownstone --------------------------------------------------------------------	161
	This section contains a few hundred images of structures built wholly or in part of Hummelstown brownstone and has its own index of page numbers leading the viewer to the correct image.
	Postcards of Hummelstown Brownstone (Set A) -------------------------------------------------------------	393
	This section contains many postcards featuring structures built wholly or in part of Hummelstown brownstone and has its own index of page numbers leading the viewer to the correct image.
	Postcards of Hummelstown Brownstone (Set B) ------------------------------------------------------------	465
	This section contains many postcards featuring structures built wholly or in part of Hummelstown brownstone and has its own index of page numbers leading the viewer to the correct image.
	Hummelstown Brownstone Co. Advertising Booklet ---------------------------------------------------------	526
	This section contains illustrations of buildings and other structures that appeared in two issues of an advertising booklet published around 1904. It should be noted that many of the illustrations of the quarries, various shops and stone yard of the company appear throughout other chapters of the study.