Broken Links: If you find broken links before I can check them, the easiest way to find them is to search for the web site in question on Google. Peggy B. Perazzo
Geology (General)
- Geology - Listed by State (Please see the individual state
links on the main page).
- Geology - Listed by Country (other than the U.S.) - Not available yet.
- For books, maps, etc., please see the Sources section.
-
State Geological Surveys and Related Agencies in the United States,
presented by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines
and Geology.
- State Geologic Maps, presented by Steven Dutch, Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Green Bay
- U.
S. Bureau of Mines - Minerals Yearbook (1932 through 1993), courtesy
of the University of Wisconsin Ecology and Natural
Resources Collection.
(Links to the images of the books for the years 1932 through 1993
are available on this web site.)
The following note is included in Publications
of the Geological Survey 1879 -1961, U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological
Survey, reprinted 1965:
“Note: On July 1, 1925, by Executive order, the Division
of Mineral Resources of the Geological Survey was transferred
to the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Mines.
On April 24, 1934, the Bureau was transferred to the Department
of the Interior. The series (entitled Mineral Resources during
the years 1924-31 and Minerals Yearbook thereafter) is published
by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines....”
Geologic Tours and Studies of Structures (buildings, walls, etc.)
Below is a list of online links, books, etc., that relate to information
on the stones used in constructing these structures.
- Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England, UK - The Geology and Building Stones of Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England, UK, by Jo Thomas.
-
The California GeoTour: An Index to Online Geologic Field Trip Guides of California, presented by the California Geological Survey.
-
California – Penryn Quarry, Penryn, California – Geological Side Trips from Interstate 80: Griffith Quarry in Penryn, by Andrew Alden.
- Cambridge, England, UK - Building Stones of Cambridge: A walking tour around the historic city centre, by Nigel Woodcock and David Norman.
- Canada – Building
Stones and Monuments of the National Capital Region,
presented by, Professor
J.A. Donaldson, Carlton University - Ottawa Geoheritage.
(Scroll down to Trip 5.)
- Canada – Calgary, Canada – A
Virtual Tour of Historic Calgary, presented by the Calgary
Public Library
- Canada –
Hamilton, Canada – “Heart of the City,
A Virtual Tour of Downtown Hamilton,” presented by the Hamilton Public Library. (Photographs of Hamilton buildings might be available in Hamilton Public Library’s Local History & Archives Department PreVIEW database, which contains over 11,000 images.)
- Canada – Toronto, Canada – Learning Geology from Buildings in Downtown Toronto,
Canada,
by Kathleen Kemp, Tucker Barrie, Marcia Charles, Janet Parkin,
Denise Payne and Michael Perkins. (The link on which this
tour was located is no longer available.)
<http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/earth/waton/toronto.html>
- Canada – Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada – Dimension Stone in Victoria,
British Columbia, a city guide and walking tour, by Z. D. Hora
and L. B. Miller.
- Colorado – Denver, Colorado – Geology Tour of Denver's Buildings and Monuments,
by Jack A. Murphy, publisher: Denver, Colorado, Historic Denver in
cooperation with Denver Museum of Natural History, c1995, ISBN:0914248065
(Book).
- Georgia - Tour of Building Stones on the UGA Campus, by Dr. Paul Schroeder.
-
England - Gloucestershire, England – Huntley Quarry Geology Reserve
-
England – Isle of Portland, Dorset, Southern England – The Isle of Portland, Dorset – Geology of the Quarries , Ian West, Romsey, Hampshire and Visiting Scientist at: Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Southampton University.
- Illinois – Chicago, Illinois – Geology
Along Michigan Avenue,
presented by Ellin Beltz (photographs).
- Iowa – Geologic Sources of Historic Stone Architecture in Iowa, by Brian J. Witzke, Iowa Geological and Water Resources.
- Ireland – Dublin, Ireland –The Building Stones of Dublin: A Walking Guide, by
Patrick Wyse Jackson, photography by Declan Burke, publisher: Dublin,
Ireland, Town House and Country House, 1993, ISBN:0946172323 (Book).
- London, England – The Gloucester
Wall Game: London,
by Eric Robinson, no date, London Geologists' Association. [PDF]
- Maryland – Baltimore, Maryland – A Geologic Walking Tour of Building Stones of Downtown Baltimore,
Maryland, by Sherry McCann-Murray, presented by the Maryland
Geological Survey. This site includes contributions and photography
by the Environmental Geology and Mineral Resources Program of the
Maryland Geological Survey. (Adapted for the Internet from Educational
Series No. 10.)
- Massachusetts – Boston, Massachusetts – “Boston
Rocks: A History of the Earth in 13 Landmarks,” article
by David B. Williams, Graphics by Javier Zarracina (in PDF format).
This article was published on the May 3, 2009, in the Boston
Globe. David Williams has a new book, Stories in Stone,
that will be published in June 2009 by Walker and Company. More
information on this book is available in the “Stone” section
of his web site. (The following buildings are discussed in
the above article (which includes photos of the buildings and
the stones): 100 Cambridge Street, Government Center; Trinity
Church, Copley Square; “New” Old South Church, Copley
Square; Morse Auditorium, Boston University; Massachusetts General
Hospital; Townhouses, Beacon Hill; Cathedral Church of St. Paul,
downtown Massachusetts; Boston Public Library, Copley Square;
Memorial Hall & Hauser
Hall, Harvard University; King’s Chapel, downtown Massachusetts;
Algonquin Club, Back Bay; and the Keystone Building, Financial
District.)
- Missouri – Springfield, Missouri – Field Trip Guide
to the Geology of Missouri State University’s Springfield
Campus,
written by Dr. Kevin R. Evans, Department of Geography,
Geology & Planning, Missouri State University, edited by Dr.
James F. Miller, Department of Geography, Geology & Planning
Missouri State University, Dr. Thomas G. Plymate, Department of
Geography, Geology & Planning, Missouri State University, Revised
December 2006. [PDF]
- New York – Buffalo, New York –
Buffalo
as an Architectural Museum, by Chuck LaChiusa.
- New York - Ithaca, New York – Building Stones on the Cornell Campus
- Ohio – Cincinnati, Ohio – Guide
to the Building Stones of Downtown Cincinnati; A Walking Tour,
by J. T. Hannibal and R. A. Davis, 1992, Ohio Division of Geological
Survey Guidebook 7 (Book).
- Ohio – Cleveland, Ohio – Guide
to the Building Stones of Downtown Cleveland: A Walking Tour,
Ohio Division of Geological Survey Guidebook, by J.
T. Hannibal and M. T. Schmidt, 1992; reprinted 1997 with additional
notes (Book).
- Ohio – Columbus, Ohio – Building
Stones in the Vicinity of Capitol Square, Columbus, Ohio, A Walking
Tour in Celebration of Earth Week October 10, 2000 (PDF), Tour Leaders:
Garry D. McKenzie and Dale M. Gnidovec, Sponsors: the American Institute
of Professional Geologists, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Geological Survey, and the Ohio State University, 3 pp.
- Ohio – Columbus, Ohio – Guide
to the Building Stones of Downtown Columbus: A Walking Tour,
by R. W. Melvin and G. D. McKenzie, 1992, Ohio Division of Geological
Survey Guidebook 6, reprinted
with additional notes (Book).
- Ohio – Dayton, Ohio – Geologic
Glimpses from Around the World - The Geology of Monuments
in Woodland Cemetery and Arboretum, Dayton, Ohio: A
Self-Guided Tour, by M. R. Sandy, 1992, Ohio Division of
Geological Survey Guidebook 8 (Book).
- Ohio – Northeastern Ohio –Guide
to Stones Used for Houses of Worship in Northeastern Ohio,
by Joseph
T. Hannibal, Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology at the
Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The Urban Center's Sacred
Landmark Series. Based on Guide to Stones Used for Houses of Worship
in Northeastern Ohio, Cleveland Ohio, by Joseph
T. Hannibal,Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology at the Cleveland
Museum of Natural History. Published by the Sacred Landmarks
Partnership of Northeast Ohio.
- United Kingdom – Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England, UK - The Geology and Building Stones of Burton Bradstock, Dorset, England, UK, by Jo Thomas.
- United Kingdom - Building Stones of Cambridge: A walking tour around the historic city centre, by Nigel Woodcock and David Norman.
- Utah – Salt Lake City, Utah, USA – Building
Stones of Downtown Salt Lake City, presented by the Utah Geological Society, Public Information Series #60.
- Washington, D. C., USA – Building
Stones of Washington Walking Tour, presented by the United
States Geological Survey.
- Washington, D. C., USA–
Descriptions and Origins of Selected Principal Building Stones
of Washington, United States Geological Survey (Book).
- Washington, D.C., USA – National
Mall and Memorials Washington DC – Klondike
Gold Rush National Historical Park. This article discusses
the history and geology of the large stone monuments and memorials
in the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
“Welcome to the National Mall, a National Park in Washington,
DC where large stone monuments and memorials honor important
historical people and events. The National Mall is a good place
to visit if you want to learn about American history and be a historian.
Because of all the different stones used in the construction of
the memorials, it is also a good place to visit if you want to
learn about rocks and be a geologist.
“Historians and Geologists actually have many similarities.
They both look at past events to better understand the present, and
guess what will happen in the future. They both use tools to help
them in their research. They both make timelines to keep track of
events. The biggest difference is that Historians study the events
of humans while Geologists study the events of the earth….”
- Washington State – Seattle, Washington – Downtown
Rock Hound: A Seattle Geology Tour, by David B. Williams
(in PDF format). (Web site: David
B. Williams: Stories in Stone)
- Washington State – Spokane, Washington – Cornerstones
of Spokane: A guidebook to the building stones of downtown Spokane.
Text and map are from: McKelvey, G. E.; Bunning, Bonnie B.; Burnet,
F. William; Hamilton, Mike; Swanson, Byron, 1981, Northwest, Mining
Association (in PDF format).
- Wisconsin
– Milwaukee, Wisconsin – Virtual Tour of Downtown Milwaukee’s
Geology and Architecture: The Buildings and Building Stones of
Downtown Milwaukee,
presented by Tim Grundl, Associate Professor, Geosciences Department,
Nancy Hubbard, Associate Professor, Architecture and Urban Planning,
Bill Kean, Professor, Geosciences Department, University of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee.
- Other: Rocks
of Famous Monuments, presented by Guillermo
Rocha, P.G. / Brooklyn College Geology Department.
Other & Some Geology Links for Kids:
- Collecting
Rocks – Rocks Tell the Story of the
Earth, by Rachel M. Barker, United States Geological
Survey.
-
Date a Rock! An Age-Dating Simulation by Karen Kalumuck, Biology Education Director at the San Francisco Exploratorium.
- Do We Take Minerals
For Granted? U. S. Geological
Survey.
-
Geologic Recipes: Teach kids geology as they play with their food, Andrew Alden, About.com Geology
-
Geological Sites of Interest, presented by the Rogers Group in their “Rockology 101: Fun Facts” section.
-
Geology.com – News and Information About Geology
-
Geology For Kids – Online Education Database
- The Geology News Blog: The latest and greatest news in geology, from around the world, presented by Dave Scumaker.
-
Geology of National Parks in the United States, presented by U.S. Geological Survey.
-
Google Earth Engine (“Our global, zoomable timelapse of Earth’s surface now extends back to 1984. Learn more about these stunning new visualizations on the Official Google Blog and in an in-depth, exclusive article by Time magazine. Explore the gallery below to see thirty years of change across the entire planet.”)
-
Interactive Rock Cycle Animation How Do Rocks Undergo Change?
-
Limestone Quarry Explosion Photos (Japan), presented on The Geology News Blog.
- Mineralogy
for Kids, presented by the Mineral
Society of America.
- Neighborhood Rocks -
Find - Collect - Name & Play, presented by Eric D. Gyllenhaal. (Neighborhood Rocks is part of the Salt the Sandbox Web.)
- Offer to identify stones in Mines and Minerals magazine, June 1902, pp. 522:
ROCK DETERMINATION
“The Western Editor of Mines and Minerals will, without charge, examine and name, so far as possible, samples of rock sent him, the answers sent by postal card to the send of the specimen. He will only undertake to name average rocks, such as can be fairly determined at sight; and microscopic or chemical analyses will not be attempted; neither is it always possible to determine with absolute precision and certainty a small sample, or one decomposed and oxidized, and with such samples the sender must be content with the provisional determination that it appears like such and such a rock.
“Questions involving an opinion on mining property, for which an expert would be entitled to a fee, will not be answered, but advice that will aid the prospector will be given.
“The following conditions must be observed by those sending specimens for determination:
“Each should be distinctly labeled.
“The name and address of the sender, written very distinctly, must be enclosed in the package.
“The package should be sent prepaid to Prof. Arthur Lakes, Room 32, Barth Block, Denver, Colo.
“A letter should accompany the specimens describing the locality, mode of occurrence of the rock, and other facts, and rough sketches may accompany such description.
“Samples will not be returned unless by request, and where stamps are enclosed to cover postage or expressage and cost of packing.”
-
Optical Mineralogy: A Resource for Educators and Students
- Playing Robinson's Wall Game, by Joseph
T. Hannibal, The Cleveland Museum
of Natural History. [PDF]
- Rocks
of Famous Monuments, presented by Guillermo
Rocha, P.G. / Brooklyn College Geology Department.
- Science in Your Backyard,
presented by the U. S. Geological Survey. (A United States maps provides
easy access to “Science in Your Backyard” in all of the
U.S. states.)
- The U. S. Geological Survey & Science
Education
-
Virtual Quarry Interactive, presented by the Mineral Products Association (MPA), the United Kingdom’s leading trade association for the UK aggregates, asphalt, cement, concrete, lime, mortar and silica sand industries.
- The Wall Game In Battersea Park, by Eric Robinson,
1996. in M. R. Bennett and others, eds., Geology on Your Doorstep: The
Role of Urban Geology in Earth Heritage Conservation: Bath,
the Geological Society Publishing House (Book)
Geology Institutions
Geology & Geography Resources
- 40 Common Minerals – Tungsten, Silver, Feldspar & More, submitted by Danielle.
- Aleta's
Geology Links, Aleta V. Turner.
- “Ask a Geologist,” at the U.S. Geological Survey (Answers questions “about volcanoes, earthquakes, mountains, rocks, maps, ground water, lakes, or rivers.”)
- Assorted Earth Science
Web Links, presented by by Russ Jacobson.
- Athena Earth Sciences Resources, University of Geneva
- Atlas
of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Minerals, & Textures, part of the “Virtual Geology” Project at the University of North Carolina
- The British Stone List (BRE)
- Building Materials in Archaeology Use and Reuse of Building Materials – The Methodology, History and Philosophy of Building Materials in Archaeology, by Emeritus Professor Dr. Ian Windsor, DSc FRNS, 24 March, 2012 ©™® 1992.
- “Building Stone Treasure Troves” (PDF), by Sidney Horenstein (Published online: 9 October 2008
# Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008)
Following is a portion of the abstract for the article:
“Abstract Cities large and small have a treasure trove of building stones both local as well as imported from various regions of the country as well as foreign sources. Many of them contain fossils which are easily available for teachers to utilize for class field trips….”
- Collector’s
Corner, presented by the Mineralogical Society of America.
(From the web site) “There are a wide range
of options one can use to begin a mineral collection. These can range
from buying specimens (or a mine) to field collecting and trading.
This is a brief introduction to rockhounding and mineral collecting.”
- Common
Minerals and Their Uses - State Mineral Production Summaries
- Major Minerals, Metals, and Energy Fuels, by the Mineral Information
Institute. The minerals available in each state are listed including
links to download a description of the mineral industry and state map
showing mineral locations.
- Do We Take
Minerals For Granted? U. S. Geological
Survey.
- Earth Sciences at Nerd Wide Web
- Field Trips
- A Geologist’s
Lifetime Field List – Generic geologic sites that every
geologist should visit, created by Terry Acomb while completing
an M. S. Degree at the University of Cincinnati Geology Department.
- And You Thought
Your Field Trip Was Bad - "Scenes From the Past - IV;"
William L. Hiss (U. S. Geological Survey); New Mexico Geological
Society Guidebook; 28th Field Conference, San Juan Basin III,
1977 (Uncopyrighted publication) Lithosphere (June 1993); Fallbrook
Gem and Mineral Society, Inc.; Fallbrook, CA.
- “A
Field Trip Transect of the Northern Sierra Via Interstate 80,” (California)
by Richard P. Hilton, Department of Geosciences, Sierra College, Journal
of the Sierra College Natural History Museum,
Spring 2009, vol. 2, no. 1, Rocklin, California.
- Geology
Field Trips – John C. Butler, The Virtual Geosciences
Professor.
- Geology of National
Parks: 3D and Photographic Tours Featuring Park Geology and
Natural History, U. S. Geological Survey.
- Tour
of Park Geology, presented by the National
Park Service.
- Virtual
Field Trip Guides: United States & Canada,
presented by the Walter Geology Library.
-
Fractures in Granite – “Mechanics of curved surfaces, with application to surface-parallel cracks” (pdf), by Stephen J. Martel, Department of Geology and Geosphysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, L20303, doi:10.1029/2011GL049354, October 20, 2011, 6 pp. (Photos include: “Figure 1. Sheeting joints near the summit of Half Dome, Yosemite National Park. They bound shingle-like slabs that are on the order of 1 m thick. Photograph courtesy of Greg Stock.” “Figure 4. Locations of topographic features, predictions of sheeting joints, and occurrences of sheeting joints near Olmsted Point, Yosemite National Park…(c) Photograph looking east across the southern portion of the study area. Sheeting joints decorate virtually every exposure in this picture….(d) Photograph looking southeast at the slope 0.7 km north of Olmsted Point. Sheeting joints are abundant in the saddle-shaped upper part of the picture but scarce in the bowl-shaped lower portion.” (This document is presented on Stone Quarries and Beyond with the permission of the author.)
- Fundamentals
of Physical Geography, by Michael J. Pidwirny, Ph.D.,
Department of Geography, Okanagan University College, Canada. Following
is one of the sections on Geology from this site, although there are
many other subjects covered.
- Geographic Names
Information System (GNIS), by the United States Geological
Survey.
- Geolographic
Names of the United States (GEONAMES), presented by
the Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University, New Haven,
Connecticut. The U.S. Geological Survey GEONAMES data base is an
annotated index lexicon of formal geologic nomenclature of the
United States, its territories, and possessions.
- Geography
Dictionary and Glossary, presented by ITS Tutorial
School. (The material covers Physical Geography, Human Geography,
and related subjects.)
- Geography Frequently Asked Questions – U.S. Geological Survey
- Geologic
Names Lexicon - National Geologic Map Database - “GEOLEX,” presented
by the United States Geological Survey. (GEOLEX is a search tool
for lithologic and geochronologic unit names.)
- Geologic Resources
– the National Park Service
-
Geological Sites of Interest, presented by the Rogers Group in their “Rockology 101: Fun Facts” section.
- Geologic
Time, by William L. Newman, U.S. Geological Survey.
- Geology - U. S. Geological
Survey
- Geology,
presented on Wikipedia.
- Geology - About Geology,
presented by Andrew Alden.
-
Geology and The Quarry Industry With Special Focus on The Selection of A Site For a New Quarry, by Winston Taddius Rajpaulsingh, Consulting Geologist, presented by the Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago.
- The Geology News Blog: The latest and greatest news in geology, from around the world, presented by Dave Scumaker.
- Geology.com - Earth Sciences on the
Web (Scroll down to "Geology Basics" - includes
a dictionary.)
- Geology Frequently Asked Questions – U. S. Geological Survey
- Geology –
the Saunders College Publishing Geology Web Site
-
Geology Resources, presented on the Engineering Degree.net web site.
- GeoScience Resources
Links
- Historical
Geology Topics, presented by Cochise College students, Roger
Weller, Geology Instructor.
- “History
of Geoscience: Women in the History of Geoscience,” on
enotes.com (Women in this article include: * Etheldred
Bennett, “a scientific researcher in paleontology and
an accomplished artist,” from the south of England . *
Mary Anning from the United Kingdom was the “most famous
early female geologist.” * Florence Bascom ,
a female geologist from Williamstown , Massachusetts , “founded
the department of geology at Bryn Mawr College . Bascom was the first
woman geologist employed by the U. S. Geological Survey in 1896. *
Eileen Gupp was “the first successful woman to be employed
by the British Survey in the petrology department in 1927.” *
Alice Wilson, born in 1881 in Cobourg, Ontario , Canada “became
the first woman to reach a prominent position within the Geological
Survey of Canada. * Mary Emilee Holmes was the “first
fellow of the Geological Society of America” in 1889.
- “Lessons
in Stone - Harvard's
Building Blocks Teach Natural and Cultural History” -
in Harvard Magazine (Text by David B. Williams;
photographs by Jim Harrison).
-
A
Location Guide for Rockhounds, (PDF) Collected
by Robert C. Beste, PG, St. Louis, Missouri: Hobbitt Press, 2nd
ed., December 1996, 148 pp. (Includes chapters on “Mineral
Locations by State,” “Appendix
and Glossary,” and “Bibliography.”)
-
“Mechanics of curved surfaces, with application to surface-parallel cracks” (pdf), by Stephen J. Martel, Department of Geology and Geosphysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, L20303, doi:10.1029/2011GL049354, October 20, 2011, 6 pp. (Photos include: “Figure 1. Sheeting joints near the summit of Half Dome, Yosemite National Park. They bound shingle-like slabs that are on the order of 1 m thick. Photograph courtesy of Greg Stock.” “Figure 4. Locations of topographic features, predictions of sheeting joints, and occurrences of sheeting joints near Olmsted Point, Yosemite National Park…(c) Photograph looking east across the southern portion of the study area. Sheeting joints decorate virtually every exposure in this picture….(d) Photograph looking southeast at the slope 0.7 km north of Olmsted Point. Sheeting joints are abundant in the saddle-shaped upper part of the picture but scarce in the bowl-shaped lower portion.” (fractured granite) (This document is presented on Stone Quarries and Beyond with the permission of the author.)
- The Methodology, History and Philosophy of Building Materials in Archaeology – Building Materials In Archaeology Use and Reuse of Building Materials, by Emeritus Professor Dr. Ian Windsor, DSc FRNS, 24 March, 2012 ©™® 1992.
- Mineralogy & Petrology Research on the Web, presented by Andrea Koziol, Associate Professor, Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Ohio
- Mineral Resources
Program, U. S.
Geological Survey
(A few of the sections in the “Mineral Resources Program” section
available are listed below.)
- Modern
Life Emerges From The Rock (and industry terms), presented
by the Rogers Group, Inc.
- National Atlas
of the United States of America - NationalAtlas.gov - United
States Department of the Interior.
- National Geologic Map Database,
presented by the United States Geologic Survey.
- Physical
Geology Topics, presented by Cochise College students, Roger
Weller, Geology Instructor.
-
Popular Geology, presented by the British Geological Society.
-
Rockhounds Information Page
- The Role of Women in the History of Geology,
Special Publication No. 1281, (book) by Cynthia V. Burek (Author, Editor),
Bettie Higgs (Editor) A conference held at the London Geological Society,
Burlington House, London, on 28 November 2005), Geological Society
of London; 1st edition (September 15, 2007), 352 pages, ISBN-10: 1862392277,
ISBN-13: 978-1862392274. (Description: “Where were the women
in Geology? This book is a first as it unravels the diverse roles women
have played in the history and development of geology as a science
predominantly in the UK, Ireland and Australia, and selectively in
Germany, Russia and US. The volume covers the period from the late
eighteenth century to the present day and shows how the roles that
women have played changed with time. These included illustrators, museum
collectors and curators, educationalists, researchers and geologists.
Originally as wives, sisters or mothers many were assistants to their
male relatives. This book looks at all these forgotten women and for
the first time historians and scientists together explore the contribution
they made to this male-dominated subject. There are individual profiles
on remarkable women: Catherine Raisin, Dorothea Bate, Cuviers daughters,
Grace Prestwich, Annie Greenly, Nancy Kirk, Margaret Crosfield, Ethel
Skeat, Maria Ogivlie Gordon, Marie Stopes, Anne Phillips, Muriel Arber
and Etheldred Bennett.”)
- “Sketching in the Field for Geological and for Prospecting Work,” in Mines and Minerals, A Mining and Metallurgical Journal, Vol. XXII, No. 11, June 1902.
|
|
“Illustration of Perspective and Vanishing Point” (1902) |
“Illustration of Shading” (1902) |
- Smithsonian National Museum
of Natural History
- Research and Collections
- Department of Mineral
Sciences
- One of the interesting collections is the: Building
Stones Collection
Building Stones Collection: “Rocks utilized
for building and ornamentation, composed primarily of material
received from the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876
and from the Tenth Census at the close of an investigation into
the quarrying industries of the U.S. in 1880. Most specimens are
from domestic quarries, with some foreign varieties represented,
if imported into the U.S. between 1880 and 1920. A substantial
portion of the original collection was transferred to the National
Bureau of Standards (NBS) in the late 1940s for weathering tests.
In 1989, the NBS changed its name to the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 714 specimens
remain.”
- Stone
Explained, by Dr. Tim Palmer, a chartered geologist and
consultant on the petrology of building stones and limes, on the Natural
Stone Specialist web site.
(Scroll down to the “Stone Explained” section.)
- Stone in Archeology
“The ‘Stone in Archaeology – Towards a Digital Resource’ project is based on the large archaeological comparative rock collection housed in the Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton. The main aim of the project has been to create an easily accessible, unique, multidisciplinary, searchable relational database which comprises the principal stones known to be used in antiquity throughout England.
“This database allows the identification of stone samples by searching on the distinctive physical properties of a stone. The results of the search can be backed up by macroscopic and thin-section photomicrographs of each sample and any geologically relevant information. The resource also provides information regarding the use, quarry location/vicinity and distribution of the stone throughout various periods of history. The resource’s ability to be manipulated in many different ways is one of its strengths.”
- Unforbidden
Geology: The not so hidden history of Man from the often overlooked
geologic perspective, presented by Archae Solenhofen.
- United States Geological
Survey - Geology
- U. S. Geological Survey
Library
- USGS Yearbooks (Online)
Minerals Yearbook (Starting in 1999 the Yearbooks were replaced
with the annual financial reports.)
- The Virtual Geoscience Professor, presented by John Butler, University of Houston.
- A Web Gallery of Stone Buildings and Their Building Stone, presented by Bruce Railsback, Professor, Department of Geology, University of Georgia.
Geology-Related Glossaries,
Dictionaries, Terminology, etc.
Articles Relating to Geology in The Manufacturer
and Builder, et al
The following articles can be found online at the Library of Congress, American
Memories,
The Nineteenth Century in Print (1831-1893). These digital images
are from Cornell University. (These images are slow to load.)
-
Geology (April 1831) The North American Review, Vol. 32,
Issue 71, April 1831, pgs. (bottom of) 471-490. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (September 1873) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 5, Issue 9, September 1873, pg. 207. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (October 1873) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol.
5, Issue 10, October 1873, pg. 231. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology Explained in the Simplest Terms (April 1888) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 20, Issue 4, April 1888, pg. 84. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (December 1888) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol.
20, Issue 12, December 1888, pgs. 274-275. (The article includes a sketch
of the stone; article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library
of Congress)
-
Geology (January 1889) (Continued from December 1888) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 1, January 1889, pgs. 12-13. (The articles
includes the following sketches: A piece of Granite, and Some of the Grains
of a Piece of Chalk; article in digital images viewed at American Memory,
Library of Congress)
-
Geology (February 1889) (Continued from January 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 2, February 1889, pgs. 34-35. (The article
includes the following sketches: Piece of Conglomerate or Pudding Stone,
Piece of Shale; article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library
of Congress)
-
Geology (March 1889) (Continued from February 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 3, March 1889, pg. 59. (The article include
the following sketches: 1) Stones detached from cliffs by rains, frosts,
etc. and launched into a brook; 2) Stones from the same cliff after having
been rolled about in the bed of the brook; 3) A small heap of sand, consisting
of the same pieces of stone from the same cliff& article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Geology (April 1889) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol.
21, Issue 4, April 1889, pgs. 82-84. (The article includes the following
sketches: 1) Section or cutting through the sediment brought by a rain
into a pool on a roadway& and 2) Stratification of Sedimentary Rocks;
article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Geology (May 1889) (Continued from April 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 5, May 1889, pgs. 106-107. (The article
includes the following sketches: 1) A Piece of Shale Containing a Portion
of a Fossil Fern; 2) Piece of Shale with Animal Remains; 3) Quarry in
Sedimentary Rock; article in digital images viewed at American Memory,
Library of Congress)
-
Geology (June 1889) (Continued from May 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 6, June 1889, pg. 132. (The article includes
the following sketches: 1) Ripple marks in sandstone; 2) Rainprints in
sandstone; 3) Fossils: Coral, part of Encrinite, Spirifer, and a marine
shell; article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of
Congress)
-
Geology - Organic Rocks, or Rocks Formed of the Remains of Plants and
Animals (July 1889) (Continued from June 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 7, July 1889, pgs. 154-155. (Article in
digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (August 1889) (Continued from July 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 8, August 1889, pgs. 178-180. (This article
contains the following sketches: 1) Ground plan, or a map of peat moss
filling up a former lake& 2) Some of the ooze from the Atlantic bed,
magnified 25 times; 3) A piece of chalk with shell in it; A piece of limestone
showing how the stone is made up of animal remains; article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Geology (September 1889) (Continued from August 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 9, September 1889, pgs. 203-204. (The
article includes the following sketches: 1) View of lava stream issuing
from one of the extinct volcanic cones in Auvergue, in central France;
2) Piece of lava showing the crystals and steam holes; article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Geology (October 1889) (Continued from September 1889) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 10, October 1889, pgs. 227-228.
(The article contains the following sketches: 1) Vesuvius, as it appeared
at the beginning of the Christian era, when it was a dormant volcano;
2) Piece of volcanic tuff-a rock formed of consolidated volcanic ashes;
3) View of hot springs or geysers, Iceland; 4) Vesuvius as it appears
at present time-an active volcano; article in digital images viewed at
American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Geology (November 1889) (Continued from October 1889) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 11, November 1889, pgs. 250-251. (Article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (December 1889) (Continued from November 1889) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 12, December 1889, pg. 275.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Geology (January 1890) (Continued from December 1889 & continued
in February 1890 issue) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 22,
Issue 1, January 1890, pg. 8. (The article includes the following sketches:
1) Inclined Strata; 2) Vertical Strata; 3) View of Contorted Strata; 4)
Section of Igneous Rock forced up into cracks and fissures of the earth's
crust; article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of
Congress)
-
Geology (February 1890) (Continued from January 1890 issue &
continued in the March 1890 issue) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 22, Issue 2, February 1890, pgs. 32-34. (This article includes the
following sketches: 1) Section of a series of sedimentary rocks originally
deposited horizontally on the sea bottom; 2) Section of a mountain formed
of crumpled rocks which have been contorted before the deposition of the
flat rocks; 3) View of a tableland cut into ridges and valleys by the
flow of its river; article in digital images viewed at American Memory,
Library of Congress)
-
Geology (March 1890) (Continued from February 1890) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 22, Issue 3, March 1890, pgs. 56-57. (Article in
digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Lamination in Stone (April 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 4, April 1893, pg. 87. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
"The Rocks" - Their Physical Structure (continued) (May
1885) Quarrying Notes in The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17,
Issue 5, May 1885, pgs. 106-107. (Article in digital images viewed at
American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
"The Rocks" (June 1885) (Includes the beginning of the
article on the Granites) Quarrying Notes - The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 17, Issue 6, June 1885, pg. 130-131. Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress)
Granite-Related Articles from the Manufacturer
and Builder, et al
-
Granite Rock (January 1880) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 12, Issue 1, January 1880, pg. 22. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
"The Building Stones" - Granite (Concluded) (July 1885)
Quarrying Notes in The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17, Issue
7, July 1885, pgs. 154-155. (Article in digital images viewed at American
Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Granite (December 1889) (Continued in issue January 1890) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 12, December 1889, pgs. 274-275.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Granites and Sandstones (May 1891) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 23, Issue 5, May 1891, pg. 104. May 1891. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Quincy Granite (December 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 12, December 1893, pg. 278. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
Limestone-Related Articles from the Manufacturer and Builder,
et al
-
Facts About Lime and Limestones (September 1891) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 23, Issue 9, September 1891, pg. 207. (Text of article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Facts About Lime and Limestone (March 1892) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 24, Issue 3, March 1892, pg. 63. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Lamination in Stone (April 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 4, April 1893, pg. 87. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
The Limestones of Wisconsin (January 1886) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 18, Issue 1, January 1886, pgs. 10-11. (Text of
article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Magnesian Limestone (October 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 10, October 1893, pg. 231. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
The Presence of Magnesia in Limestones (September 1882) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 14, Issue 9, September 1882, pg. 207.(Article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
Marble-Related Articles from the Manufacturer
and Builder, et al
(Also see Limestone)
-
Algerian Marbles (November 1887) (This article includes a sketch:
"Salem (Ind.) Quarry Yards, Mills and Kilns, and Cars Loaded with
Monoliths for the Georgia State Capitol.") The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 19, Issue 11, November 1887, pg. 253. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
American Marbles (January 1857) "The Living Age...",
The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 52, Issue 660, January 17, 1857,
pgs. 148-149. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library
of Congress.)
-
American Marbles (November 1888) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 20, Issue 11, November 1888, pgs. 250-251. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Australian Marble (June 1894) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 26, Issue 6, June 1894, pg. 135. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
California Marble (May 1894) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 26, Issue 5, May 1894, pg. 108-109. (Text of article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
The Geology of the Marble Deposits (December 1884) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 16, Issue 12, December 1884, pg. 274. (Article in
digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Georgia - Extensive Marble Belt in Georgia (October 1894) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 26, Issue 10, October 1894, pg. 230.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Georgia Marble (January 1889) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 21, Issue 1, January 1889, pgs. 14-15. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Georgia Marble (December 1891) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 23, Issue 12, December 1891, pg. 278. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Georgia - Extensive Marble Belt in Georgia (October 1894) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 26, Issue 10, October 1894, pg. 230.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Inyo Marble (California) (March 1889) The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 21, Issue 3, March 1889, pgs. 59-60. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Marble in Oregon (October 1890) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 22, Issue 10, October 1890, pgs. 225-226. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
The Marbles of Vermont (September 1888) The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 20, Issue 9, September 1888, pg. 203. (The article includes
a sketch: "Interior View of Marble Quarry at West Rutland, Vermont";
article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
The Marbles of Vermont (December 1890) The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 22, Issue 12, December 1890, pgs. 272-273. (Article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Oregon Marble (January 1890) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 22, Issue 1, January 1890, pgs. 8-9. (article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Southern Marble (June 1887) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 19, Issue 6, June 1887, pgs. 130-131. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Statuary Marble in (Inyo) California (May 1886) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 18, Issue 5, May 1886, pgs. 107-108. (Article in
digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Tennessee Marble (June 1886) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 18, Issue 6, June 1886, pgs. 130-131. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Texas Marble (July 1887) (This article states that pure white
marble was discovered when the Antonio and Arkansas Pass Railway was being
built toward Boerne near San Antonio, Texas. Arrangements were being made
to open quarries at that location.) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 19, Issue 7, July 1887, pg. 156. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Vermont Marble (May 1891) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 23, Issue 5, May 1891, pgs. 105-106. May 1891. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
Sandstone-Related Articles from the
Manufacturer and Builder, et al
-
"The Building Stones - The Sandstones" (September 1885)
Quarrying Notes - The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17, Issue
9, September 1885, pgs. 202-203. (Article in digital images viewed at
American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
The Berea and Amherst Sandstone (May 1887) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 19, Issue 5, May 1887, pg. 107. (The article includes
a sketch: "The Cleveland Co.'s Quarry No. 4."; text of article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Berea Sandstone (March 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 3, March 1893, pg. 60. (The article includes a sketch of:
"Berea Sandstone Quarry No. 6, North Amherst, Ohio."; article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Granites and Sandstones (May 1891) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 23, Issue 5, May 1891, pg. 104. May 1891. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Ohio Sandstone (December 1892) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 24, Issue 12, December 1892, pg. 279. (The article includes a sketch:
"Cleveland Stone Co.'s Quarry No. 3, Columbia, Ohio."; text
of article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
The Portland Sandstone Quarries (February 1888) The Manufacturer
and Builder, Vol. 20, Issue 2, February 1888, pg. 35. (The article
includes a sketch: "Portland Sandstone Quarries - Splitting Out the
Stone With Wedges."; article in digital images viewed at American
Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Potsdam Red Sandstone (April 1891) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 23, Issue 4, April 1891, pg. 90. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
The Potsdam Red Sandstone (January 1893) The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 25, Issue 1, January 1893, pgs. 9-12. (The article includes
six sketches: (1) "Bird's-Eye View of the Potsdam Sandstone Quarries";
(2) "Quarry No. 2."; (3) "Quarry No. 2 - Under Development.";
(4) "Quarry No. 3 (Dark Red) - Under Development."; (5) "Quarry
No. 4."; and (6) "Selecting Large Blocks of Stone"; article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Potsdam Sandstone (as a building material) (July 1893) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 25, Issue 7, July 1893, pg. 158. (Article
in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
The Wisconsin Sandstones (December 1885) The Manufacturer and
Builder, Vol. 17, Issue 12, December 1885, pg. 274. (Article in digital
images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress) Quarrying Notes
- The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17, Issue 9, September 1885,
pgs. 202-203. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library
of Congress)
Slate-Related Articles from the Manufacturer
and Builder, et al
-
The Building-Stone and Slate of Virginia (February 1869) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 1, Issue 2, February 1869, pgs. 46-47.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
The Building Stones - Serpentine & Slate (November 1885) The
Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 17, Issue 11, November 1885, pg. 250.
(Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
"Peach-Bottom" Slate (York County, Pennsylvania) (October 1890)
The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 22, Issue 10, October 1890,
pg. 225. (Article in digital images viewed at American Memory, Library
of Congress.)
-
Red Slate (August 1885) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol.
17, Issue 8, August 1885, pgs. 181-182. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Red Slate (November 1893) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 25, Issue 11, November 1893, pg. 253. (Article in digital images
viewed at American Memory, Library of Congress.)
-
Slate (July 1878) The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 10,
Issue 7, July 1878, pg. 166. (Article in digital images viewed at American
Memory, Library of Congress)
-
Slate in Vermont (July 1892) The Manufacturer and Builder,
Vol. 24, Issue 7, July 1892, pg. 158. (Article in digital images viewed
at American Memory, Library of Congress)
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B. and George (Pat)
Perazzo.