Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1908

Part II.  Nonmetallic Products

George Otis Smith, Director

Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey  

Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1909.

Cement industry in the United States in 1908, by E. C. Eckel  

Production - 441

Portland Cement – 442

Production of Cement By States – 443

Production of the Lehigh District, 1890-1908 (Pennsylvania and New Jersey) – 444

The Status of New York as a Cement Producer – 445

Growth of the Portland Cement Industry, 1870-1908 – 446

Decline in Cement Prices, 1880-1908 - 447

Figure 5.  Comparison of production of Portland and natural cement, 1890-1908, in barrels – 447

Figure 6.  The Decline in cement prices, 1880-1908 – 448

Production of Cement According to Raw Materials Used - 449

Natural Cement – 450

Puzzolan Cement – 451

Exports of Cement – 452

Apparent Annual Consumption of Portland Cement - 452

Lime, by A. T. Coons

Production – 511

Uses of the Lime Produced – 413

Fuels Used in Burning Lime – 514

Hydrated Lime – 515

Imports and Exports of Lime – 515

Slate, by A. T. Coons

Production – 521

Imports and Exports of Slate – 524

Slate Industry by States and Localities – 524

General Note on Slate, by T. Nelson Dale – 528

Comparative Characteristics of Various Slates – 530

Note on A “Black” Roofing Slate From Nevada, by T. Nelson Dale - 532

Stone, by A. T. Coons  

Introduction - 533

Distribution of Building Stone in the United States - 534

Production - 536

Granite – 546

Building Stone – 547

Monumental Stone – 548

Paving Blocks – 548

Curbstone – 548

Flagstone – 548

Rubble – 548

Riprap – 548

Crushed Stone – 548

Trap Rock  – 553

Sandstone – 555

Building Stone – 555

Ganister – 555

Paving – 555

Curbing – 555

Flagging – 555

Rubble – 556

Crushed Stone – 556

Bluestone – 560

Marble – 561

 Onyx Marble - 564

Limestone – 568

Paving – 570

Curbing – 570

Flagging – 570

Rubble – 570

Riprap – 570

Crushed Stone – 570

Furnace flux – 571

Other Purposes – 571

Blast-furnace flux – 577

Bibliography – Survey Publications on Building Stone and Road Metal - 577

Abrasive Materials, by W. C. Phelan  

Introduction – 581

Buhrstones and millstones – 583

Grindstones and pulpstones – 585

Oilstones and scythestones – 587

Corundum and emery – 588

Keywords:  Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oklahoma/Indian Territory, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, quarry, quarries (optional terms) alkali works plants, breakwater, building stone, carbonic-acid plants, concrete, crushed-stone industry, curbstone, dams, flagstone, furnace flux, ganister, glass works, kilns, locks, monumental stone, monuments, paving blocks, railroad ballast, riprap, rip rap, road making, rubble, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907