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Home > California > Structures and Monuments in Which California Stone was Used
Finished Product from California Stone in California (Continued)
Brownstone (sandstone) from the Sespen Canon Brownstone Quarry (located from 5 to 6 miles from Brownstone, a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad) was used in the construction of the Academy of Sciences Building.
Marble from the California Portland Cement Company quarries located near Colton, San Bernardino County, California, was used as decorative building stone in the construction of the Academy of Sciences.
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
“The ‘onyx quarry’ is an isolated deposit of aragonite formed by mineral springs....A great deal of it, however, is laminated in extremely thin layers, which are sometimes not thicker than a sheet of pasteboard, and the laminæ being of different colors, this makes it very handsome when polished. It can also be got out here in large pieces though there is a good deal of waste. The counter in the office of the old ‘Chronicle’ building, at the corner of Bush and Kearney Streets, is said to be made of it, as well as some mantel-pieces in both the Palace and the Baldwin Hotels. The delicate laminæ are often wavy, thus adding much to its beauty. Other portions of the rock are of a somewhat translucent, milky white, which is also handsome when polished. This is the largest deposit of this beautiful, ornamental stone at present known to the writer to exist within the State.”
Blue sandstone from Angel Island, in the San Francisco Bay, was used in the construction of the bank building in 1865.
According to the chapter entitled, “San Francisco’s New Bank Buildings,” by Horatio F. Stoll, pp. 877-878, light gray Raymond granite was used for the exterior of the building. (Raymond granite is quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.)
Marble from the Bear River Marble Quarry (previously known as the Holmes Lime & Cement Company) in Placer County was used on the interior of the Bank of California building. The marble is reportedly “a dark gray stone with jet black as well as white veining.”
According to this web site, the stone used to construction the California Bank building was quarried on the east side of Angel Island.
“According to a 1961 San Francisco Chronicle article, the building is ‘the best example of San Francisco’s early architecture,’ a ‘veritable temple of finance.’ The Banking Hall was designed by renowned architects Walter Danforth Bliss and William Baker Faville, who also collaborated on the Masonic Temple, St. Francis Hotel and Geary Theater. The building’s façade features impressive, four-story columns made from Sierra white granite, which arrived in pieces via horse-drawn carts….”
“Hogan Quarry…Beds of hard gray sandstone, a couple of hundred feet thick outcrop in Sycamore Cañon for several hundred feet. Stone from this quarry was used in building the breakwater at Santa Barbara; also in the portals of the Bay-Shore cut-off tunnels at San Francisco, and the Sespe, Piru, and Santa Clara railroad bridges in Ventura County. Idle for past five years.
“Bibl.: R. of M. Santa Barbara Co., 1906.”
Marble from the Colton Marble Works Quarry in San Bernardino County was used in the construction of the Bishop Building.
"The stone from the Broderick Monument in San Francisco came from the Columbia quarry (in Tuolumne County, California).
The photograph of a building of Colusa County sandstone. It is a part of the Photographs of the San Francisco Earthquake and Fire from the Charles Derleth Papers. It is described as: “Geary St. from Mutual Savings Bank. Colusa sandstone badly spalled.”
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
“The ‘onyx quarry’ is an isolated deposit of aragonite formed by mineral springs...A great deal of it, however, is laminated in extremely thin layers, which are sometimes not thicker than a sheet of pasteboard, and the laminæ being of different colors, this makes it very handsome when polished. It can also be got out here in large pieces though there is a good deal of waste. The counter in the office of the old ‘Chronicle’ building, at the corner of Bush and Kearney Streets, is said to be made of it, as well as some mantel-pieces in both the Palace and the Baldwin Hotels. The delicate laminæ are often wavy, thus adding much to its beauty. Other portions of the rock are of a somewhat translucent, milky white, which is also handsome when polished. This is the largest deposit of this beautiful, ornamental stone at present known to the writer to exist within the State.”
Sandstone from the O'Neal Sandstone Quarry (which was located about 8 miles south of Ione) was used in the construction of the Chronicle Building in San Francisco. The sandstone is described as having a "warm, rich, bright red color, and even, rather fine grain."
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - the Church of the Holy Innocents - Excerpt from the Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, pp. 1890, pp. 20.
“San Francisco, August 22, 1890.
“Hon. Wm. Irelan, Jr.:
“Dear Sir: I would like to thank you for the assistance you have given me in finding red sandstone. I had been looking all over the State for red sandstone, and came here from Indianapolis in 1889 especially for that purpose, and was unsuccessful, until very lately, in finding any that suited my purpose in the State, although I was hunting for it for about six months.
“I heard of the Mining Bureau and happened to visit it one day and picked up a copy of the report, and in that report found a description of a deposit of red sandstone in Amador County. I immediately went to Amador County and secured the quarry. Found there was an immense body of it, at least forty acres, and about one hundred and seventy-five feet thick. I at once began to open it up, had the sandstone tested, found it to be of two qualities, a beautiful red and a pure white sandstone. We were very successful in selling the stone from the first day we started to work.
“The stone has been used in the California State Bank, corner of J and Fourth Streets, Sacramento, one of the finest buildings in the State; also in the Methodist Church in Stockton, one of the largest churches we have; and is now being used in the Christ Church in Alameda, and in the Church of the Holy Innocents in this city; also, the Crocker residence is being built of it almost entirely, and this will be one of the finest buildings ever put up here. It is also being used in a dozen other places in this city and State, namely, Ukiah Asylum, Ione Industrial School buildings, Home for the Feeble-Minded Children at Glen Ellen, Sacramento Post Office, and many other places.
“I had the stone tested by you and found that it will stand a crushing weight of seven thousand two hundred and ninety-five pounds to the square inch.
Bank in Sacramento - $35,000
Methodist Church in Stockton - $16,000
Crocker Building - $46,000
Ukiah Asylum, for this year - $26,000
“I can safely say, that through the discoveries of the State Mining Bureau, there will be at least $500,000 worth of stone taken from this quarry within the next three years, independent of the above, already provided for.
“Very respectfully yours, David O’Neil”
“…In some portions the iron oxides have stained the travertine deep red and brown and a quarry was opened in 1895 and slabs of the material were used in the old City Hall in San Francisco. Some pieces could be obtained which would make good slabs marked by pleasing designs, but the most of the material is pitted and unfit for use. Not much of the material was ever quarried….”
The following is from a section entitled, “Travertine”:
“About one mile southeast of the town of Bridgeport is a deposit of travertine worthy of note. The property is patented and belongs to the California Travertine Co., E. P. Gray of Los Angeles, president.
“In 1895 a quarry was opened and some of the rock shipped, principally for work on the City Hall at San Francisco. Two slabs 4 ½’ x 6’ were the largest of which there is record of….”
| Photo No. 129. Sculptural detail on City Hall, San Francisco. Stone from McGilray Raymond Granite Company, Madera County, California. |  |
Granite from either the Rocklyn or Penryn granite quarries in Placer County was used in the construction of the San Francisco City Hall.
The marble used in the rotunda of the San Francisco City hall was quarried at the Carrara Marble Quarry in Amador County. The color of the marble in the quarry ranged from white with black streaks, white, and ash-colored marble.
San Francisco, California – the Old City Hall Cornerstone (Article from Stone: An Illustrated Magazine, May 1918, Vol. XXXIX, No. 5, pp. 28)
Historic Corner-Stone Lost
“Pretty nearly everything in this queer old world has been lost at some time or other, but the first record that we find of the losing of a cornerstone comes from San Francisco. After a search of eleven years an official description of the lost cornerstone of San Francisco’s old City Hall, which could never be recovered after the wreck of the building in the earthquake and fire, has just been found. It is contained in a mutilated, fire-scorched, dusty ledger picked up in the ruins of the old structure by John D. McDougald, city treasurer. It is disclosed for the first time that the cornerstone cost the city $3,778.11. It contained among other things, gold coins valued at $41.50, silver coins of the value of $2.20, a silver plate and trowel worth $218,58, rare coins, old wine and old records and maps. The stone was six feet long, five feet three inches wide and two feet six inches thick, the granite alone costing more than $100. The cornerstone was laid on February 22, 1872.
“Mayor Rolph, Timothy Reardon, head of the Board of Public Works, the Bureau of Architects and scores of other city officials have been looking for the old City Hall cornerstone for many months and have employed many investigators to try to find a clew (sic) to it. Until the finding of the above record, however, they have discovered nothing definite, and they have been further perplexed by the fact that the old City Hall was a circular structure, and it was difficult to find an angle where a ‘cornerstone’ could be laid.
“‘I am convinced now,’ said Treasurer McDougald, ‘that the cornerstone has been stolen. It seems impossible that such a huge piece of granite could have been overlooked. The value of the articles in the cornerstone certainly seems sufficient inducement for someone to have stolen the stone.’”
According to this press release, the facades of the building are of Sierra White granite. Sierra White granite is quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.
“The Fight Over the San Francisco Post-Office.”
“One of the hottest fights the stone trade has known for years has been over the bidding for supplying granite for the new United States Post Office building at San Francisco. This has kept several States aroused for weeks, has set Congressmen and politicians hard at work pulling all wires within reach, has called out reams of newspaper controversy, and has even caused the appointment of a special Government commission. The story of the controversy is an interesting one, but in the absence of an official report it is difficult to get at the exact facts. No two accounts of the matter agree. The papers published in the States where the different contractors live all tell stories that widely vary in the most essential particulars. The main points in the fight are as follows: Several months ago the National Government advertised for bids for the stone work, etc., for the new post office and court house at San Francisco. The specifications called for ‘granite,’ and no particular kind was indicated. As the amount of granite required on the contract was 135,000 feet, or 15,000 tons, the bidding naturally aroused great interest. The bids were opened on April 17, at the office of the architect at Washington. W. H. Ellis, of Cincinnati, put in one bid, specifying the use of Peerless granite. This is from the Index quarry, Washington. He also put in a higher bid, specifying the Delano granite, from California. The California Construction Company based its bid on the use of Rocklin, California, granite. The Bentley Construction Company specified the Raymond, California, granite. Finally the John A. Davidson Company, of Chicago, put in a bid, higher than the others, specifying the use of Maine granite. Then began the merry war. The people of California made the not unnatural claim that, inasmuch as the building as in their own leading city, it should be built of stone native to the State. The San Francisco ‘Evening Post’ voiced the sentiment of the people as follows:
“‘If the new post office were an ornamental structure, designed to gratify the fancy of a notional man or an individual crank, it might not be inappropriate to build it of stone dug in Texas, Maine, South Carolina or any other State; but, as a matter of fact, it is a public building, and the Government ought to desire to construct it in a practical and economical manner. There may be, and probably is, objection to some of the stone quarried in California. Perhaps Rocklin granite is not adapted to such a building as the new post office is designed to be; but there are other quarries in the State from which the very best material may be obtained. Those located in the County of Inyo, for instance, yielded the marble and granite out of which the Mills Building was constructed, and no prettier edifice than that exists anywhere. If the Treasury Department officials who have charge of letting the contract of the new post office authorize from other States the use of material which can be obtained in this State, they will justly merit the criticisms, not only of our people generally, but of our capitalists, whose money is invested in quarries and who are trying to develop the marble and stone industries of the coast.’
“But the State of Washington had something to say to this. The Chamber of Commerce of Seattle addressed the following letter to James K. Taylor, the supervising architect at Washington:
“‘Substitution of California granite at this time would be a distinct condemnation of Washington granite, for purely local reasons. These reasons are not creditable to those urging the change, for they are simply and solely that the building should be a State affair instead of a National, and that more Government money would thereby be spent among Californians in its construction. This is selfish and unpatriotic. Were the building put up by the State itself for its own purposes the course recommended, if pursued, would be more or less praiseworthy. In a National building, paid for and owned by all alike, it would be reprehensible in the extreme. It is not urged, we believe, that the Washington granite is inferior, and in truth it cannot be so urged. The granite here is first class and in every way fit for Government houses at San Francisco, Washington, D.C., or anywhere else. The Federal Building at Portland, erected nearly thirty years ago, was constructed of Washington sandstone. This State is noted above all others for the abundance, excellence and variety of its house-building materials. There are lime, cement, stones, timbers of many kinds, and clays, from which common, pressed, fire and other bricks are made, as also terra cotta. That the Government of the United States should place its condemnation upon any of these materials, with no more reason than in the California case, is not to be contemplated for a moment.’
“But this was not the final word. Senator Mason, of Illinois, took up the cudgels for the John A. Davidson Company proposed to use Maine granite, the Senators and Congressmen from that State took a hand in the row, to push the claims of the latter. So, then, at last the fight stretched clear across the continent, from Maine to California. Some of the contestants came to actual blows at Washington.
“At this point of the controversy a special Government committee was appointed to examine and report upon the several grades of California granite offered. The committee consisted of Hon. Frank A. Vanderlip, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Dr. Caleb Whitehead, an expert chemist, attached to the Mint Bureau, and Mr. J. W. Roberts, of San Francisco, superintendent of the public building. The committee visited the quarries and inspected a number of buildings where the granites had been used. It reported that the Raymond granite was as durable as any to be found. Meanwhile the first bids had been rejected and new ones called for. On these the contract was finally awarded to the Bentley Construction Company at $802,500, to use the Raymond granite. So San Francisco’s post office will be built of California granite, after all.”
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - the Crocker Residence - Excerpt from the Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, pp. 1890, pp. 20.
“San Francisco, August 22, 1890.
“Hon. Wm. Irelan, Jr.:
“Dear Sir: I would like to thank you for the assistance you have given me in finding red sandstone. I had been looking all over the State for red sandstone, and came here from Indianapolis in 1889 especially for that purpose, and was unsuccessful, until very lately, in finding any that suited my purpose in the State, although I was hunting for it for about six months.
“I heard of the Mining Bureau and happened to visit it one day and picked up a copy of the report, and in that report found a description of a deposit of red sandstone in Amador County. I immediately went to Amador County and secured the quarry. Found there was an immense body of it, at least forty acres, and about one hundred and seventy-five feet thick. I at once began to open it up, had the sandstone tested, found it to be of two qualities, a beautiful red and a pure white sandstone. We were very successful in selling the stone from the first day we started to work.
“The stone has been used in the California State Bank, corner of J and Fourth Streets, Sacramento, one of the finest buildings in the State; also in the Methodist Church in Stockton, one of the largest churches we have; and is now being used in the Christ Church in Alameda, and in the Church of the Holy Innocents in this city; also, the Crocker residence is being built of it almost entirely, and this will be one of the finest buildings ever put up here. It is also being used in a dozen other places in this city and State, namely, Ukiah Asylum, Ione Industrial School buildings, Home for the Feeble-Minded Children at Glen Ellen, Sacramento Post Office, and many other places.
“I had the stone tested by you and found that it will stand a crushing weight of seven thousand two hundred and ninety-five pounds to the square inch.
Bank in Sacramento - $35,000
Methodist Church in Stockton - $16,000
Crocker Building - $46,000
Ukiah Asylum, for this year - $26,000
“I can safely say, that through the discoveries of the State Mining Bureau, there will be at least $500,000 worth of stone taken from this quarry within the next three years, independent of the above, already provided for.
“Very respectfully yours, David O’Neil”
Marble from the Colton Marble Works Quarry in San Bernardino County was used in the construction of the Crossley Building.
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Dewey Monument.
| Ill. No. 52. Dewey Monument. Raymond Granite. |  |
San Francisco, County, California - The Dewey Monument and Union Plaza After the 1906 Earthquake - in the “Various Aspects of the San Francisco Disaster” article (from The Monumental News Magazine, Vol. XVIII, No. 8, August, 1906, pp. 555-558.)
How the Monuments were Demolished.
“Our illustrations show the freakish ways in which the shock twisted and turned the monuments of San Francisco. The Dewey monument in Union Plaza, is seen standing stately and unharmed amid the surrounding wreckage....”
“Union Plaza And Dewey Monument After The Disaster.”
(Photo caption, pp. 556) “Union Plaza And Dewey Monument After The Disaster.”
Many fine buildings are attributed to the McGilvray sandstone quarry located at Sites, Colusa County, California, including the Emporium building.
According to this article, Colusa sandstone was used for the façade of the building, which was constructed in 1896. The article states that the “landmark Emporium building was completely destroyed, except for the stone façade, by the massive earthquake and fire of 1906. The building was re-constructed shortly thereafter in 1908….”
This article mentions the Colusa sandstone that was used on the exterior of the Emporium building: “Prodded by city officials and preservationists, developers Forest City and Westfield Group kept the most memorable pieces of the Emporium department store that occupied much of the site from 1896 until 1996. The Market Street facade of Colusa sandstone and black cast iron was cleaned and restored, and so was the ornate glass dome inside.
“Both of these high-profile icons look great, especially the facade. The neoclassical concoction with its enormous arched entrance has a timelessness that puts the rest of the mall's outer wrapping to shame.”
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the F. W. Woods Building on Geary Street.
| Ill. No. 7. Fairmount Hotel, San Francisco. Three Lower Floors of Raymond Granite. |  |
Granite from the Leahy & Turner Granite Quarry (formerly known as the Leahy, Storan & Rodgers quarry) was used in the construction of the Ferry Building. Sandstone from the Colusa Sandstone Company, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, California, was also used in the construction of the Ferry Building.
“...The Ferry Building in San Francisco, 1896, was the first large building constructed of this (Colusa sandstone) stone. The most recent is the new fourth wing of the St. Francis Hotel (see photo No. 175), the other three wings being from the McGilvray quarry....”
“Opened in 1886 the Knowles Quarry at Sites supplied the stone that built some of the most beautiful buildings in San Francisco: the most famous of which is the Ferry Building, the work of architect Page Brown....”
“According to the Colusa Daily Sun, Wednesday, April 28, 1897 the Knowles Quarry was visited by F. S. Chadbourne, the State Harbour Commissioner, Howard R. Swain, the Chief Architect of the Ferry Building and Howard Holmes, the Chief Engineer. They came to check the progress of the stone supply so that the Ferry building could open per schedule January 1, 1898. The present production according to Mr. Holmes was two flat cars per day. The officials were reported to be well pleased. They commented that their stone masons, many from the east coast, were very impressed with the Colusa Stone; commenting on its hardness. Mrs. Holmes provided a list of equipment that was in use at the quarry. A handy reference to verify that schedules could be met.”
According to the chapter entitled, “San Francisco’s New Bank Buildings,” by Horatio F. Stoll, pp. 873-874, the exterior of the twelve-story First National Bank building was of “Raymond granite and white stone.” (Raymond granite is quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.)
There is an error in the above entry. The entry refers to the Flood Building Earthquake damage to stone piers. Shown with the attached photo. However the image is not that of the Flood Mansion on Nob Hill, but the Flood Building on Market Street, owned by Flood. The twelve-story building was completed in 1904. At that time, it was the largest building in the city of San Francisco. It still stands today. Bill Roddy, America Hurrah.
As of 1993, “The renovation (of the Flood building) included a complete rehabilitation of the building’s lower three floors and meticulous restoration of the original Colusa sandstone façade.”
According to this web site, the stone used to construct the Fort Point buildings in the San Francisco Presidio was quarried on the east side of Angel Island.
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
According to this web site, the French Bank building is described as an early San Francisco skyscraper constructed in 1902. During the 913 remodeling and enlarging of the building, “…Piers were clad in gray Colusa sandstone….”
Marble quarried from the Antelope Valley Marble Quarry, located near Neenach on the south slope of the Tehachapi range in Kern County, California, was used in Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park and in the Goldberg & Bowen’s store, Sutter Street, San Francisco.
Marble quarried from the Antelope Valley Marble Quarry, Kern County, California, located near Neenach on the south slope of the Tehachapi range, was used in Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park and in the Goldberg & Bowen’s store, Sutter Street, San Francisco.
Many fine buildings are attributed to the McGilvray sandstone quarry located at Sites, Colusa County, California, including the Music Temple in Golden Gate Park.
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
“Marble from the Bell Columbia Marble Quarry* was used before 1928 in San Francisco in the interior of the 22-story Standard Oil Building, in the Golden Gate Theater, Loews Warfield Theater, and the Metropolitan Life Building. (* This quarry was also known as the Bell Marble Quarry.)
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
According to this article, the Hayward building was one of the early skyscrapers in San Francisco; and “Its brick curtain walls are clad in Colusa sandstone, the favored building material for pre-fire prestige buildings.”
The California Pacific Health Services Library web site section about the architect, Albert Pissis (1852-1914), indicates that the Health Sciences Library Building “was built from local materials: Colusa sandstone, Columbia (Tuolumne County) marble, local cement and steel from a San Francisco steelworks.” The color of the Colusa sandstone used for the exterior of the building is described as “soft gray Colusa sandstone.”
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
Granite from the Rocklin and/or Penryn granite quarries in Placer County was used in the construction of “several private residences, and many monuments….”
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Italian-American Bank, Montgomery street.
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Kohl Building located at the corner of California and Montgomery streets.
| Ill. No. 50. Kohl Building, corner of California and Montgomery streets, San Francisco. Built of Colusa Sandstone. |  |
Many fine buildings are attributed to the McGilvray sandstone quarry located at Sites, Colusa County, California, including the Kohl building.
In this short article about the Kohl building, the author describes the stone used on the exterior as “a handsome greenish-gray Colusa sandstone.”
How the Monuments were Demolished.
“Another picture shows how an elaborate private monument in Laurel Hill Cemetery was wrenched to pieces. The shaft and ornamental carving may be seen lying on the ground. The die is supported by one of the corner columns and is on the verge of falling. On the other hand the Italian marble statue mounted on a boulder pedestal in the same cemetery shown in another picture, escaped uninjured, though seemingly much less substantially mounted.
“A Damaged Monument in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco.”
(Photo caption, pp. 557) “A Damaged Monument in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco.” “A Statue Uninjured in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco.”
(Photo caption, pp. 557) “A Statue Uninjured in Laurel Hill Cemetery, San Francisco.”
Scientist Explains Twisting of Monuments.
“Prof. Edgar L. Larkin, of the Mount Lowe Observatory, in California, has made the accompanying interesting diagram showing the displacement of monuments in the cemeteries, which appeared in a recent issue of the Scientific American. He says:
“‘A cemetery filled with monuments, columns, and obelisks is a capital place to study the effects of an earthquake. Amplitudes and azimuths of disturbed monoliths and pillars reveal at once the action of the earth upheavals. I had no instruments with which to measure, so had to make estimates.
“‘Laurel Hill Cemetery I found a field of distorted, shifted, turned, cracked, overthrown, and ruined columns, pillars, shafts, capitals in white marble, gray granite, and other materials. Angels’ wings were broken, sculptures were round about, and heavy bases were twisted out of their original positions. At first I noted distortions on both sides of an avenue of tombs. Here are directions in which the tops of fallen columns and monuments were pointing along either side, in a distance of 150 feet: N. 1, S. 2, E. 9, W. 5, N.E. 4, N.W. 5, S.E. 5, S.W. 5. From this I thought that the chief distortion was toward the east. Then facings of those that were skewed around on their bases, but not overthrown, were noted as follows: N. 1, S. 1, E. 2, W. 1, N.E. 4, N.W. 0, S.E. 2, S.W. 1. All these had been twisted around against intense friction at their bases. The one marked N. originally faced eastward, and the one shown as facing S. once faced westward. I examined many others, hoping to make order out of chaos, or find a general trend in direction, but could not. The conclusion reached was that the monuments were thrown over and twisted in every direction.
“How The Earthquake Scattered The Monuments.
Figs. 1 to 12 show the displacements of monuments in San Francisco cemeteries. The larger squares are bases of stone resting on the ground. The smaller squares and the two circles (Figs. 6 and 8) are bases of high monuments. The greatest shifting measured was 10 ½ inches. The lateral movements appear to have been in all directions. Fig. 13 shows a double displacement of two bases and monument. The square 1 is a large granite base; the square 2 is a second stone upon which the column 3 rested. Figs. 14 to 25 indicate the positions of over-thrown monuments. The two low monuments with urns (Figs. 21 and 22) could not have been thrown by the same oscillations of the earth.’” (Diagram caption, pp. 557) “‘The Oddfellows’ Cemetery was explored. This is more modern than Laurel Hill; the monuments are higher and heavier. They were fastened down by lead in some cases. The most complete confusion reigned. The displacements likewise were in every direction. An observer with instruments, upon making surveys during a month might find a majority of fallen columns pointing one way, or facings, but it is doubtful. The earth’s surface surely moved in every direction. As nearly every brick and stone building was destroyed, they could not be studied. The great Fairmount Hotel has rents in the corners, and several high up, along near the middle of the facades. The new $5,000,000 post office is torn near the corners. The Towering steel and stone Spreckels Building stands as a skeleton, but looking down on a wilderness of ruins of all old-type buildings. For the new city will be erected around ribs of rigid steel. the accompanying diagram shows roughly the distortions in the cemeteries. The line N.S. is due north and south. Twistings of obelisks that did not fall range from five to seventy degrees in all directions from their original foundations. My impressions gained in the cemetery were confirmed upon receipt by mail of a seismograph sent me by F. M. Clarke, steward and executive officer of the California Veterans’ Home, Yountville, Napa County. It indeed shows that the ground moved in every possible direction. On leaving the cemetery I wrote an article for the papers, saying that it was a circular disturbance, and the graph reveals a circle near the center. Mr. Clarke says: ‘The first movement had a N. and S. direction, but was swiftly compounded with a circular, twisting movement, accompanied with severe upward thrusts. The first movement was decidedly wave-like; then a cessation, followed by the severe twist.’ Napa is 45 miles north of San Francisco, and San José, 50 south. Both were destroyed.’”
“Marble from the Bell Columbia Marble Quarry* was used before 1928 in San Francisco in the interior of the 22-story Standard Oil Building, in the Golden Gate Theater, Loews Warfield Theater, and the Metropolitan Life Building. (* This quarry was also known as the Bell Marble Quarry.)
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California – Lone Mountain Cemetery* - the Col. T. J. Nevins Monument (* According to “San Francisco Cemeteries” by John W. Blackett, the Lone Mountain Cemetery was closed and those buried in the cemetery moved to other cemeteries).
(The following article is from the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, Vol. XVIII, #53, 6/8/1864, 3:4)
“THE NEVINS MONUMENT. Grant & Devine, marble-cutters of this city, have nearly completed the monument to the memory of the late Col. T.J. Nevins, the first Superintendent of Public Schools in San Francisco. It will be remembered that his remains were brought hither from Nevada Territory, where he was drowned in 1861. The Legislature authorized the Board of Education to appropriate $650 towards defraying the cost of the monument to his memory, the remainder of the amount needed being contributed by citizens. The monument is to be erected in Lone Mountain, and will be ready to set up some time next week. It is cut from Tuolumne county marble, and will be seventeen feel high, above the plinth, which is of Angel Island sandstone. The marble base, resting on this plinth, is 2 feet 10 inches square, and 1 foot 6 inches high. On this will rest the die, above that a cap or c rulce (?), supporting a tapering shaft, the whole surmounted by an elegant capital and urn. One side of the shaft bears a medallion bust of the deceased, which was modeled and cut by Mr. Devine. On one side of the die appears this inscription: ‘Thomas J. Nevins; Born in Hanover , H.H., June 5, 1795; died in Silver City, N.T., January 14, 1861.’ Another side bears this inscription: ‘The first Agent of the American Tract Society on this coast; a Pioneer in the interests of Religion, Temperance, Charity and good Morals; and a promoter of the organization and labors of many leading associations for the advancement of the Public Welfare.’ A third side bears the following: ‘The Board of Education and Citizens of San Francisco unite in erecting this Monument to his memory as the Founder of Common Schools in this city and State, and as the First Superintendent of Common Schools in San Francisco.’ The monument is designed with much taste, and the California marble of which it is formed is a hard and handsome stone.”
"About 800 tons of (stone from the Columbia Marble Company's Quarry located about 2 ½ miles north of Columbia, Tuolumne County) was used in the Merchants' Exchange Building, on California street, San Francisco...."
According to the chapter entitled, “San Francisco’s New Bank Buildings,” by Horatio F. Stoll, pp. 873-874, this steel-framed bank building, which was under construction in 1907, used Colusa sandstone quarried in Colusa County, California, for the exterior facing of the top 13 floors. The first floor exterior was clad in marble. The interior of the bank was finished in black and yellow Pavonazzo marble.
“…(sandstone quarried by the Colusa Sandstone Company Quarry east of Sites in Colusa County, California) for the following prominent buildings in San Francisco was furnished by the Colusa Company: Butler (corner Geary and Stockton streets); French-American Bank; Monadnock (ten stories); Metropolis (now Merchants) National Bank; Aronson (corner Third and Mission streets); and the Gunst on the opposite corner; Kamm, above the Call Building; three Home Telephone buildings and the Spreckels band stand in Golden Gate Park….”
“Marble from the Bell Columbia Marble Quarry* was used before 1928 in San Francisco in the interior of the 22-story Standard Oil Building, in the Golden Gate Theater, Loews Warfield Theater, and the Metropolitan Life Building. (* This quarry was also known as the Bell Marble Quarry.)
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Miller, Sloss and Scott Building at the corner of First and Mission streets.
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - Mills Building (The following information is from: “California Marble,” in The Manufacturer and Builder, Vol. 26, Issue 5, May 1894, pg. 108-109.)
California Marble.
“Near the base of the Inyo mountains, in Owens Valley, California, near the lake of the same name, lie what are, perhaps, the largest and most wonderful deposits of marble that have been as yet discovered. It is impossible to describe truthfully these vast deposits of beautifully colored stone.
“There is white, black, blue and yellow in pure colors, purple veined, black and gold, making a grand variety of colored marbles, very beautiful for interior decorations. The white marble is perfectly clear, the grain is fine, very compact, and will stand great pressure; it is a pure dolomite, and therefore will take on and retain a very fine polish. The first two stories of the Mills building in San Francisco, as well as a greater part of the interior finish of the same, are done in this material. The main entrance to the building shows what may be done in the way of relief with the white marble. The black is almost identical with the Belgium black marble; it is very difficult to distinguish one from the other when polished. The yellow marbles vary from a delicate cream to a dark mottled orange. There are veins of deeper yellow, with fernlike markings similar to moss agate, and it is particularly adapted for furniture and interior decorations.”
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California – the Mills Building – the two Lower Floors (The following information is from Skyscrapers: A Social History of the Very Tall Building in America, b y George H. Douglas, Publisher: McFarland & Company 2004, pp. 240.
According to this section on the Mills building (located at 20 Montgomery Street ), “The two lower floors are of white Inyo marble veneer….”
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Mutual Savings Bank Building at the corner of Market and Geary streets.
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California – the Mutual Savings Bank Building (photograph) The following information is from Online Archive of California (OAC)
Title of photograph: “Geary St. from Mutual Savings Bank. Colusa sandstone badly spalled”
Collection: The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire Digital Collection
Contributing Institution: The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-6000
The Altamont Sandstone Quarry, which was located one quarter of a mile southeast of the Altamont Station, Alameda County, "...was operated until 1888, the principal shipments being to San Francisco, where it was used in the Odd Fellows' cemetery. The stone is a massive, buff-colored sandstone, with occasional hard nodules in face."
San Francisco, California - Odd Fellows Cemetery after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake - in the “Various Aspects of the San Francisco Disaster” article (from The Monumental News Magazine, Vol. XVIII, No. 8, August, 1906, pp. 555-558.)
How the Monuments were Demolished.
“Another picture shows how an elaborate private monument in Laurel Hill Cemetery was wrenched to pieces. The shaft and ornamental carving may be seen lying on the ground. The die is supported by one of the corner columns and is on the verge of falling. On the other hand the Italian marble statue mounted on a boulder pedestal in the same cemetery shown in another picture, escaped uninjured, though seemingly much less substantially mounted.
Scientist Explains Twisting of Monuments.
“Prof. Edgar L. Larkin, of the Mount Lowe Observatory, in California, has made the accompanying interesting diagram showing the displacement of monuments in the cemeteries, which appeared in a recent issue of the Scientific American. He says:
“‘A cemetery filled with monuments, columns, and obelisks is a capital place to study the effects of an earthquake. Amplitudes and azimuths of disturbed monoliths and pillars reveal at once the action of the earth upheavals. I had no instruments with which to measure, so had to make estimates....”
“How The Earthquake Scattered The Monuments. Figs. 1 to 12 show the displacements of monuments in San Francisco cemeteries. The larger squares are bases of stone resting on the ground. The smaller squares and the two circles (Figs. 6 and 8) are bases of high monuments. The greatest shifting measured was 10 ½ inches. The lateral movements appear to have been in all directions. Fig. 13 shows a double displacement of two bases and monument. The square 1 is a large granite base; the square 2 is a second stone upon which the column 3 rested. Figs. 14 to 25 indicate the positions of over-thrown monuments. The two low monuments with urns (Figs. 21 and 22) could not have been thrown by the same oscillations of the earth.’” (Diagram caption, pp. 557)
“‘The Oddfellows’ Cemetery was explored. This is more modern than Laurel Hill; the monuments are higher and heavier. They were fastened down by lead in some cases. The most complete confusion reigned. The displacements likewise were in every direction. An observer with instruments, upon making surveys during a month might find a majority of fallen columns pointing one way, or facings, but it is doubtful. The earth’s surface surely moved in every direction. As nearly every brick and stone building was destroyed, they could not be studied. The great Fairmount Hotel has rents in the corners, and several high up, along near the middle of the facades. The new $5,000,000 post office is torn near the corners. The Towering steel and stone Spreckels Building stands as a skeleton, but looking down on a wilderness of ruins of all old-type buildings. For the new city will be erected around ribs of rigid steel. the accompanying diagram shows roughly the distortions in the cemeteries. The line N.S. is due north and south. Twistings of obelisks that did not fall range from five to seventy degrees in all directions from their original foundations. My impressions gained in the cemetery were confirmed upon receipt by mail of a seismograph sent me by F. M. Clarke, steward and executive officer of the California Veterans’ Home, Yountville, Napa County. It indeed shows that the ground moved in every possible direction. On leaving the cemetery I wrote an article for the papers, saying that it was a circular disturbance, and the graph reveals a circle near the center. Mr. Clarke says: ‘The first movement had a N. and S. direction, but was swiftly compounded with a circular, twisting movement, accompanied with severe upward thrusts. The first movement was decidedly wave-like; then a cessation, followed by the severe twist.’ Napa is 45 miles north of San Francisco, and San José, 50 south. Both were destroyed.’”
Brownstone (sandstone) from the Sespen Canon Brownstone Quarry (located from 5 to 6 miles from Brownstone, a station on the Southern Pacific Railroad) was used in the construction of the Pacific Insurance building.
“The ‘onyx quarry’ is an isolated deposit of aragonite formed by mineral springs....A great deal of it, however, is laminated in extremely thin layers, which are sometimes not thicker than a sheet of pasteboard, and the laminæ being of different colors, this makes it very handsome when polished. It can also be got out here in large pieces though there is a good deal of waste. The counter in the office of the old ‘Chronicle’ building, at the corner of Bush and Kearney Streets, is said to be made of it, as well as some mantel-pieces in both the Palace and the Baldwin Hotels. The delicate laminæ are often wavy, thus adding much to its beauty. Other portions of the rock are of a somewhat translucent, milky white, which is also handsome when polished. This is the largest deposit of this beautiful, ornamental stone at present known to the writer to exist within the State.”
About 800 tons was used in the merchants’ Exchange Building in San Francisco. Also used as pavements and stairways of the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. (From The Structural and Industrial Materials of California, Bulletin No. 38, San Francisco, California, 1906.)
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Park Emergency Hospital.
According to the section on the Pink Triangle Park and Memorial, “…The park’s centerpiece is an arrangement of 15 sierra-white granite pylons, each inlaid at the top with a pink triangle….” (The Sierra White granite was quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.)
| Ill. No. 5. San Francisco’s New Post office. Exterior of Raymond Granite. |  |
Granite from the Rocklin and/or Penryn granite quarries in Placer County was used in the construction of the Real Estate Associates’ building.
The (Colton Marble Works, located near Colton in San Bernardino County, California) marble is principally used for ornamental building purposes, but some monument work is turned out. It has been used in the…Rialto building, San Francisco, in the latter being trimmed with the verde antique marble.…”
According to this article, “The four piers are made of Colusa sandstone, with four carvings on top of each….”
“Alameda county contains large quarries of granite, limestone and sandstone, suitable for building purposes. The quarry from which the stone used in erecting the Deaf and Dumb and Blind Asylum was obtained, is situated on Pryal’s ranch, about four miles from Oakland. The supply of this stone in exhaustless. A quarry of close-grained, grayish sandstone, has recently been opened about four miles from Hayward’s. Nearly all the brown sandstone used in San Francisco, is obtained from quarries in this vicinity.”
“…The new city hall of Los Angeles and many of the fine buildings in that city and San Francisco are finished in (serpentine quarried at Empire Landing on Santa Catalina Island), the stone taking a rich polish, abounding in greens and yellows, grays and black….”
According to this web site, Sierra White granite* was used for the façade of the San Francisco Civic Center buildings. “…Its Sierra White granite facade, obtained from the quarry that provided the stone for other Civic Center buildings, is consistent with its Beaux Arts style….” (* Sierra White granite is quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.)
According to this web site, Sierra White granite* was used for the façade of the San Francisco Public Library building. “…Its Sierra White granite facade, obtained from the quarry that provided the stone for other Civic Center buildings, is consistent with its Beaux Arts style….” (* Sierra White granite is quarried at Raymond in Madera County, California.)
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California – the Sherith Israel Synagogue
This article states, “… (the Sherith Israel) will lose its distinctive salmon pink paint job and emerge next year in its original gray-green color of unpainted Colusa sandstone….”
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the Shreve Building at the corner of Grant avenue and Post street.
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California – the Spreckels Temple of Music in Golden Gate Park (photographs and history)
Colusa sandstone was used in the construction of the Temple of Music, a gift of Claus Spreckels. The temple was completed in 1900. You can read about the restoration of the Temple of Music in the article, “San Francisco Pavilions Reborn,” by Eve M. Kahn. The architect was Carey & Co., Inc. New rosettes and coffers were carved by Kopeluv Cut Stone in Bernalillo, New Mexico.
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the St. Francis Hotel.
| Ill. No. 52. St. Frances Hotel, San Francisco. Colusa Sandstone. | |
This photograph of the St. Francis Hotel is from Report XIV of the State Mineralogist – Mines and Mineral Resources of Portions of California, Chapters of State Mineralogist’s Report – Biennial Period 1913-1914, Part II. “The Counties of Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Marin, Napa, Solano, Sonoma, Yolo,” by Walter W. Bradley, Field Assistant (field work in October, 1913), California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, California, 1916, pp. 173-370.)
| Photo No. 175. St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco (December, 1913). Colusa sandstone. |  |
“Many fine buildings are attributed to the McGilvray Quarry, among them the Saint Francis Hotel. From John McGilvray’s niece, Mrs. Jessie Sturrock Shoopman of Williams, whose father, Henry Sturrock, was superintendent, comes an interesting story of the two great pillars at the entrance of the St. Francis. This is the story: the season was winter shortly after the turn of the century, sometime after midnite. The two great matching blocks of stone that were to dignify the entrance to the St. Francis, lay upon the hillside. The next day the huge mobile derrick would raise them up to the stiff leg derrick which, in its turn, transported the stones down the hillside and gently set them on flat cars of the Colusa Lake Railroad for their final journey to San Francisco. A heavy storm came up. Mr. Sturrock, fearing what might happen to the loosened earth on the hillside, paced the floor. At 2:00 a.m. his fears were realized as a great landslide came down upon the pillars completely destroying one of them. It took months of work at an expense of hundreds of dollars to quarry another pillar equally as fine as the one that was destroyed. Could one ever gaze upon the pillars at the entrance of the Saint Francis without visualizing the tense hours of the watchers on that fatal night....”
According to this book, gray Colusa sandstone* was used for the façade of the Saint Francis Hotel. (* Colusa sandstone was quarried near Sites in Colusa County, California.)
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - St. Mary’s Cathedral (The following information is from History of Solano County...San Francisco, Cal., Wood, Alley & Co., East Oakland, 1879, pp. 438-439.)
“DILLON, PATRICK W.
“farmer and stone cutter, Section 28, Benicia Township, Post-office Benicia, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, February 3, 1820...In May, 1851, he came to Benicia, bringing with him eighteen hundred dollars, which he invested in the wharf built at Vallejo while the Capitol of the State was situated at that place.
“In 1851, he opened a stone quarry on his fruit farm, and in connection with the other, started the Pioneer Stone Business in San Francisco, and among the contracts taken by him, is the St. Mary’s Cathedral, at San Francisco, and many other buildings. In 1856, he purchased his present farm, now consisting of four hundred acres of land, an seventy-six acres of tule. He married, at St. Mary’s Cathedral, San Francisco, Bertha G. Jordan, January 6, 1856....”
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - the Spreckles Building (from “Colusa County Sandstone Builds Some of The World’s Most Famous Buildings,” by John L. Morton, Colusa County Historian and Colusa County CAGenWeb Project Coordinator.
Many fine buildings are attributed to the McGilvray sandstone quarry located at Sites, Colusa County, California, including the Spreckles building.
“Marble from the Bell Columbia Marble Quarry* was used before 1928 in San Francisco in the interior of the 22-story Standard Oil Building, in the Golden Gate Theater, Loews Warfield Theater, and the Metropolitan Life Building. (* This quarry was also known as the Bell Marble Quarry.)
Granite from the Rocklin and/or Penryn granite quarries in Placer County was used in the construction of the Stock Exchange building.
Sandstone and Tafoni
”Ever wonder where the streets of San Francisco came from? Sandstone from Salt Point was used in the construction of San Francisco’s streets and buildings during the mid 1800's. If you look closely at the rocks at Gerstle Cove, you can still see eyebolts where the ships anchored while sandstone slabs were loaded onboard. Quarried rocks can still be seen scattered along the marine terrace north of Gerstle Cove. Look for the drill holes along the edges of the rocks that were used to separate the large rocks into smaller slabs.”
San Francisco, San Francisco County, California - Street Curbing & Granite Fronts of San Francisco - Tenth Annual Report of The State Mineralogist For The Year Ending December 1, 1890, California State Mining Bureau, Sacramento: State Printing Office, pp. 1890, pp. 413.
Placer County, by J. B. Hobson, E.M., Assistant in the Field.
“The granite quarries are another source of revenue to the people of Placer. The inexhaustible quarries at Lincoln, Rocklin, Loomis, and Penryn afford stone of all shades from the lightest gray to an almost jet black when polished. Great quantities of this stone are free from iron, and the convenient railroad offers shipping facilities which makes quarrying for distant markets profitable.
“The street curbing and granite fronts of San Francisco are nearly all from the Placer quarries, while the State Capitol, the Stockton Court House, and the Crocker monument are examples of the value and beauty of this foothill granite. The amount of business in this industry varies with the season, but it runs well up into the hundred thousands of dollars every year.”
The marble tiling for the floor of the San Francisco branch mint building was quarried at what was known circa 1906 as the Holmes Lime Company’s Quarry in Placer County, California, by a man named Pritchard. According to Charles A. Logan’s “Limestone in California,” (California Journal of Mines and Geology, Vol. 43, No. 3, July 1947, pp. 175-357) The marble is reportedly “a dark gray stone with jet black as well as white veining.”
According to this book, “rough-hewn granite-gray Colusa Sandstone” was used in the construction of the Trinity Episcopal Church.
Sandstone from New Castle Island, Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia, was used in the construction of the United States Mint in 1874. Granite from either the Rocklin or Penryn granite quarries in Placer County was used in the construction of the United States Mine.
Sandstone from the McGilvray Stone Company sandstone quarry, located three fourths of a mile east of Sites, Colusa County, was used in the construction of the W. P. Fuller Building at the corner Mission and Beale streets.
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